Catfish farming

GROUP 8
Queenie Mae palluto
Roy japie
Peter art loking
Edimar bachinicha
Charlie Yamit
 Contents
• Site selection
• Pond preparation
• Nursery/Hatchery
• Grow-out culture
• Harvest
• Marketing
 Cat fish (Siluriformes)
• Catfish are freshwater or marine fish belonging to the • Diet:
order Siluriformes. They are named for their prominent
barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers. These
• They are omnivores, feeding on plants, small fish,
barbels are sensory organs that help them locate food insects, crustaceans, and detritus.
in murky waters. • Many are bottom-feeders, scavenging along the
• .Appearance: substrate.
• Most catfish lack scales and have smooth, slimy skin. • Behavior:
• They vary widely in size, from a few inches to over 10 • Catfish are nocturnal, being most active during the
feet long. night.
• Many species have spines on their dorsal and pectoral • They are known for their ability to survive in low-
fins, which can be sharp and sometimes venomous. oxygen waters.
• Habitat: • Diversity:
• Catfish are highly adaptable and found in diverse • There are over 3,000 species of catfish, including
environments, including rivers, lakes, and coastal
channel catfish, blue catfish, and Mekong giant
waters worldwide.
catfish.
• Some species, like the walking catfish, can survive on
land for short periods. • They range in size from tiny species like Corydoras
to giants like Pangasianodon gigas.
• Clarias batrachus, commonly known as the
Walking Catfish, is a freshwater species native to
Southeast Asia. It is known for its remarkable
ability to move overland and adapt to various
environments.
• Size: Typically grows to 30–40 cm (12–16 inches)
in length, though some may reach up to 60 cm
• Found in stagnant or slow-moving freshwater
bodies like ponds, swamps, and canals.
• Highly tolerant of low-oxygen conditions,
enabling survival in polluted waters.
• Can survive out of water for extended periods by
breathing air using its specialized labyrinth
organ.
 Clarias macrocephalus
• Clarias macrocephalus, commonly known as the
Philippine Native Catfish, is a freshwater
species highly valued for its cultural and
economic importance in Southeast Asia,
particularly in the Philippines
• Typically 30–40 cm (12–16 inches) in length but
can grow larger in ideal conditions.
• Found in a variety of freshwater environments
such as rivers, lakes, swamps, and rice paddies.
• Prefers clean, well-oxygenated waters but can
tolerate moderate environmental fluctuations.
• Unlike Clarias batrachus, it is less tolerant of
highly polluted or stagnant waters
 Hito
• Hito” is a Filipino term generally used to
refer to catfish species under the order
Siluriformes
• Ranges from 20 cm to over 1 meter
• Found in a wide range of freshwater
habitats, including rivers, lakes, ponds,
swamps, and rice paddies.
• Tolerates low-oxygen environments and
polluted waters, especially species like
Clarias batrachus.
• Some species can move overland between
water bodies during wet conditions.
 Clarias gariepinus
• Clarias gariepinus, commonly known as the African Catfish,
is a highly adaptable and widely distributed species in
Africa and parts of Asia. It is known for its remarkable
resilience in diverse environments and has gained
importance in aquaculture due to its rapid growth and
hardiness
• Size: Can grow up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) in length, though
most individuals in captivity reach 60–90 cm (24–35 inches).
• Weight: Can weigh up to 60 kg (130 lbs) in ideal conditions.
• Native to freshwater environments in sub-Saharan Africa,
but it has been introduced to many countries for
aquaculture purposes.
• Prefers slow-moving rivers, lakes, ponds, and swamps, and
can tolerate warm, low-oxygen waters.
• It is highly tolerant of polluted and eutrophic (nutrient-rich)
waters.
• Tolerance to Extreme Conditions: Can endure high
temperatures (up to 37°C or 98.6°F) and very low oxygen
levels, often found in polluted or stagnant waters.
 Site selection
• Water quality
• Water source
• Soil
• Topography
• Accessibility
• Protection
• Temperature and salinity
• Water quality-The water should be suitable for the type of
fish you want to raise, and it should be available year-
round. The water should also be free of pollution and have a
pH between 6.5 and 8.5.
• Water source-You can use groundwater from wells, or
surface water from springs, streams, and reservoirs.
• Soil-The soil should hold water well and be impervious if
possible. For earthen ponds, the soil should contain at least
20% clay to prevent water seepage
• Topography-The site shope. Areas with large tidal
fluctuations are not suitable because they require expensive
dikes to prevent flooding
• Accessibility-The site should be close to transportation
routes and sources of inputs like feed, fertilizer, and
markets.
• Protection- The site should be protected from strong
winds and waves.
 Pond preparation
• Clearing the area
• Draining and drying:
• Eradicating unwanted species:
• Leveling
• Inlet and Outlet
• Clearing the area- Use stakes, poles, and pegs to mark the pond's
boundaries, including a 2–3 meter work area and walkway. Clear vegetation
from the area, including trees and shrubs within 10 meters.
• Draining and drying-Drain the pond during low tide or after harvest. Let the
bottom dry until the top layer of soil cracks or is dry. Remove debris and mud
from the pond's canals.
• Eradicating unwanted species: Use lime to get rid of unwanted
species. You can also use bleaching powder or rotenone to kill fish and other
animals.
• Leveling: Level the bottom of the pond.
• Inlet/outlet- You also need to create an inlet and outlet for your pond. This
allows for water to enter and exit the pond, which helps to maintain water
quality.
 Hatchery
• is a facility where catfish are artificially bred, hatched,
and raised through their early life stages
• Hatching time
• Brood fish
• Tanks
• Filters
• Equipment
• Hatching time -Catfish eggs hatch in 4–10 days,
depending on the water temperature. The ideal
temperature for spawning and incubation is 25–27°C,
where the eggs hatch in 4–6 days-
• Brood fish-Healthy, sexually mature breeders are
required to maintain optimal breeding conditions. They
should be kept in rectangular troughs with a flow-through
system
• Tanks-should be designed to make it easy to observe and
handle the fish. Fry tanks can be 20–45 cm deep, and it’s
best to build them at waist level for easier cleaning.
• Filter- catfish eggs are sticky, so filters are needed to
remove debris that can close the eggs' noses.
• Equipment- Other equipment needed for a catfish
hatchery includes buckets, plastic tubs, and siphons
 Nursery

• Bigger rearing facilities are needed for the production of catfish

• fingerlings in the nursery. Ten days before stocking, growth of
• natural food organisms should be promoted by suspending about
• 20 kg cow dung placed in a sack in the middle of the tank or pond
• and introducing Moina or Daphnia starters. Although the 15-day
• old fry or even the 3-day old first feeding larvae can be stocked
• directly into the tank or pond, it is advisable to rear the larvae
• inside a net cage with a mesh size of 0.5-1.0 mm, especially if fry
• are reared in ponds.
 Rearing in net cages suspended in either tanks or ponds was observed
to improve survival of the fry. The same formulated feed given to the fry
in the hatchery phase can be fed during the nursery phase. Feeding is
given in Three rations daily at 20% BW during the first week, 15% BW
on the second week, and 10% thereafter. As in the hatchery, rearing of
the fry to the fingerling stage in the nursery is also done in a static
water system. Water change can be done weekly. In tanks, 50% of the
rearing water is replenished, while replenishment of water in the ponds
is done when necessary to maintain a depth of 70 cm.
Common types of nursery;
- Indoor Nurseries: These are often used for larger-scale
operations and provide a more controlled environment,
allowing for precise temperature and water quality
management.
- Outdoor Nurseries: These are typically smaller and more
cost-effective, but require careful management of water
quality and protection from predators.
• - Floating Cages: These are used in larger bodies of water
and offer a more natural environment for the fingerlings,
but require careful monitoring and maintenance.
 Grow out culture
• Catfish are usually cultured in earthen ponds or pens, either in
monoculture or polyculture with other fishes, especially tilapia.
Preparation of pondsinclude drying the pond bottom for 7-10 days
until the soil cracks, andapplication of hydrated lime and chicken
manure at 1 ton per ha. Before stocking of the fish, 60% of the
rearing water is changed, and increased to a depth of 60 cm upon
stocking of juvenile catfish. Uniform-sized and healthy fingerlings
are selected for stocking. Swamp cabbage and water hyacinth are
grown at 20-30% of the pond area to serve as shelter for the fish.
 When used for intensive culture, catfish juveniles are fed with
artificial feeds containing at least 40% crude protein. However,
commercial pellets with 30-32% crude protein or a combination
of blanched chicken entrails and rice bran at a ratio of 9:1 are
acceptable to catfish when given as supplemental feed. As
catfish grow bigger, decreasing feeding rates of 5 to 3% of the
body weight is recommended.
Stocking density for grow-out culture depends on the initial size
of the fingerlings. Catfish juveniles, with mean total length of 3-
4 cm can be stocked at 80-100 ind per m2, 5-6 cm at 60-80 Ind
per m2, or 7-10 cm at 40-60 ind per m2
With proper management, culture of C. macrocephalus
takes about 4 - 5 months. Diseases caused by bacteria
or ectoparasites can affect the culture of catfish. Lime
and salt at 1 kg per 40m2 are applied two weeks
before the cold season, and at 0.5 kg per 40m2 every
two weeks. Diseased fish should be isolated from the
rest of the stock and disposed of properly.
 Feed formulation in commercial
production in catfish
• The feed formulation for catfish in production areas depends on the catfish's age and size,
and may include a mix of ingredients like protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals:
• Fry: Catfish fry can get nutrients from natural foods like insects and zooplankton if ponds
are fertilized. Some producers feed fry with 28–32% protein feeds until they are 1–2 inches
long.
• Fingerlings: Larger fingerlings are fed small floating pellets with 35% protein.
• Advanced fingerlings and food fish: These catfish are fed floating feed with 28–32%
protein. Some producers switch to a slow-sinking feed in the winter.
• Protein: Protein in catfish feed can come from animal or plant sources. Plant protein can
replace animal protein if it doesn't affect the catfish's growth.
• Carbohydrates: Catfish use carbohydrates for energy. Ingredients like corn, wheat, wheat
bran, corn residue, and rice bran are commonly used as carbohydrates in catfish feed.
• Other ingredients: Catfish feed also includes vitamins, minerals, and fat.
 HARVEST
• The ideal weight for farm-raised catfish in the United States is 1.7 pounds,
which yields two four- to six-ounce fillets. Asian catfish are typically harvested
when they reach 80–200 grams after 3–5 months of culture.
• Catfish growth is affected by many factors, but temperature is a major one.
Catfish begin to feed actively and grow rapidly when water temperatures are
above 70°F. In warm weather, a catfish fingerling that is six to eight inches
long can grow to one pound in six months with regular feeding. Without
feeding, it can take two to three years to reach the same size.
• Catfish are the largest freshwater fish, but they can range greatly in size. The
typical size of a catfish is about 3.9–5.2 ft, but some can exceed 8.2 ft in length
and weigh more than 220 lb.
 MARKETING

Catfish farmers usually do two marketing channels

at once, in addition to selling directly to consumers
they also sell it to collector and seller. Catfish
farmers usually sell part of their harvest directly to
consumers and partly to collector and seller.
 THANK YOU
HAVE A NICE DAY