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Class-1_AI-Introduction

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Artificial Intelligence

• Course Objectives

• Course Out Comes

• What is an Artificial Intelligence

• History of AI

• Applications of AI
• Course Objective – A course objective describes what a faculty member will
cover in a course.

1. Understand the difference between various intelligent agents and


environments including solving problems by searching the solution space.

2. Understand adversarial search and propositional logic to find the


solutions of constraint satisfaction problems

3. Inference using first order logic and describe knowledge representation

4. Design solutions to a problem in the real world environment.

5. Learn to infer in uncertain domains using probabilistic learning models


UNIT-1

1. Problem Solving by Search-I & II


UNIT-2
2. Advanced Search Algorithms
3. Constraint Satisfaction Problems
4. Propositional Logic
UNIT-3
5. Logic and Knowledge Representation
First-Order Logic
2. Inference in First-OrderLogic

UNIT-4
6. Planning Classical Planning
7. Planning and Acting in the Real World
UNIT-5
8. Uncertain knowledge and Learning Uncertainty:
9. Probabilistic Reasoning
10.Learning
• Course(Student Learning) Outcome – A detailed description of what a

student must be able to do at the conclusion of a course.

CO1. Differentiate various intelligent agents and environments. Also solve

problems by searching the solution space.

CO2. Use adversarial search and propositional logic to solve constraint

satisfaction problems

CO3. Use first order logic to infer and describe knowledge representation

CO4. Plan solutions for problems in the real world environment.

CO5. Infer in uncertain domains using probabilistic learning models


TEXTBOOK(S)
1. Artificial Intelligence a Modern Approach, Stuart Russell and
Peter Norvig, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2020.
REFERENCE BOOK(S)
2. Artificial Intelligence, E.Rich and K.Knight, , 3rd
Edition,TMH, 2009.
2. Artificial Intelligence, Patrick Henny Winston, 3rd Edition,
PearsonEducation, 2015.
3. Artificial Intelligence, Shivani Goel, PearsonEducation, 2013.
4. Artificial Intelligence and Expert systems – Patterson,
PearsonEducation, 2005
• Artificial Intelligence : Artificial Intelligence is an
intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the
natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals.
• It is sometimes called machine intelligence
OR
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a digital
computer or computer-controlled robot to perform
tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.
OR
• Artificial intelligence is the study of how make computers to do
things which people do better at the moment. It refers to the
intelligence controlled by a computer machine.

OR

• Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human


intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like
humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to
any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind
such as learning and problem-solving.
OR
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence
processes by machines, especially computer systems. These
processes include

• Learning :It contains the acquisition of information and rules for


using the information

• Reasoning : It uses rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions

• Self-correction : The machines are having self-awareness


(understand their current state and can use the information to infer
what others are feeling)
• Artificial intelligence can be categorized in two ways. They are

1. Weak Artificial intelligence

2. Strong Artificial intelligence

• Weak Artificial intelligence: It is an Artificial intelligence system

that is designed and trained for a particular task. It is also

known as narrow Artificial intelligence

• Example: Virtual personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri.


• Strong Artificial intelligence: It is an Artificial intelligence
system with generalized human cognitive abilities. It is also
called as artificial general intelligence

• Example: When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong


Artificial intelligence system is able to find a solution without
human intervention.
• According to human instructions the machine
will work

Examples :

• Remote Toys
• Robo Movie
Benefits with AI :

A computer program with AI can answer the generic


questions it is meant to solve.

AI programs can absorb new modifications by putting highly


independent pieces of information together. Hence you can
modify even a minute piece of information of program
without affecting its structure.

Quick and Easy program modification.


History of Artificial intelligence:

• In 1936 the British mathematician Alan Turing applies his theories to prove that

a computing machine (‘Turing machine’) and that would be capable of executing

cognitive processes

• In the summer of 1956 some scientists gather for a conference at Dartmouth

College in New Hampshire. They believe that aspects of learning as well as other

characteristics of human intelligence can be simulated by machines.

• In the same year the programmer John McCarthy proposes calling this (Turing

machine) as an ‘artificial intelligence.’ The world’s first AI program is ‘Logic

Theorist’, which manages to prove several dozen mathematical theorems and

data.
• In 1966 the German-American computer scientist Joseph Weizenbaum of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology invents a computer program that
communicates with humans (called first Chabot).

• In 1972 with ‘MYCIN’, artificial intelligence finds its way into medical practices: The
expert system developed by Ted Shortliffe at Stanford University is used for the
treatment of illnesses

• In 1986 the computer is given a voice for the first time. Terrence J. Sejnowski and
Charles Rosenberg teach their ‘NETtalk’ program to speak by inputting sample
sentences and phoneme chains.

• NETtalk is able to read words and pronounce them correctly, and can apply what it
has learned to words it does not know. It is one of the early artificial neural networks
• In 1997 the AI chess computer ‘Deep Blue’ from IBM defeats the incumbent

chess world champion Garry Kasparov in a tournament. This is considered a

historic success in an area previously dominated by humans.

• In 2011 the technology leaps in the hardware and software fields pave the way

for artificial intelligence to enter everyday life. Powerful processors and graphics

cards in computers, smart phones, and tablets give regular consumers access to

AI programs. Digital assistants in particular enjoy great popularity: Apple’s ‘Siri’

comes to the market in 2011, Microsoft introduces the ‘Cortana’ software in

2014, and Amazon presents Amazon Echo with the voice service ‘Alexa’ in 2015.
• In same Year(2011) the computer program ‘Watson’ competes in a U.S.
television quiz show in the form of an animated on-screen symbol and wins
against the human players
• Application of AI

• Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society. It is


becoming essential for today's time because it can solve complex
problems with an efficient way in multiple industries, such as
Healthcare, entertainment, finance, education, etc. AI is making our
daily life more comfortable and fast.

• Following are some sectors which have the application of Artificial


Intelligence:
1. AI in Astronomy
2. AI in Healthcare
3. AI in Gaming
4. AI in Finance
5. AI in Data Security
6. AI in Social Media
7. AI in Travel & Transport
8. AI in Automotive Industry
9. AI in Robotics:
10. AI in Entertainment
11. AI in Agriculture
12. AI in E-commerce
13. AI in education
• Intelligence

• Knowledge

• Reasoning

• Thought

• agent

• Environment

• Effectors

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