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Lesson-4-Patterns-of-Development

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8 views

Lesson-4-Patterns-of-Development

Uploaded by

Ivyyy Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 4:

Patterns of
Development
1. Narration
2. Description
3. Definition
4. Classification and Exemplification
5. Comparison and Contrast
6. Cause and Effect
7. Problem-Solution
8. Persuasion
• These patterns are considered as
techniques and principles that
you can use to guide you based
on your intentions.
• It gives the writer a different
method in presenting a given
scenario or topic that must
clearly conveyed to the readers.
1. NARRATION
- The most basic pattern of development.
When a writer puts down an idea, he is
then considered as the narrator of the
literary work.
- It ultimately describes how, when, and
where an event or occurrence actually
happened.
Example:
“It was late spring the last time we saw
Ross. He was standing at the edge of the hill, and
he never so much as looked up even though we
were sure he knew we were there. There was a
bunch of flowers clutched to his fist, but there
really was no reason for him to be standing there.
We knew that Carrie wasn’t coming to see him.
But he stood there anyway, waiting, even as the
afternoon sunlight deepened towards the
evening. He must have been standing there for
hours.”
• It is used by writers for a variety of
purposes:
1. To illustrate and support ideas with
anecdotes.
2. To entertain the readers with stories.
3. To predict what will happen with
scenarios, and
4. To explain how something happens (or
should happen) with process narratives.
2. DESCRIPTION
• A pattern of development which goes into
details about a specific object, person, or
location, in order to firmly set its
appearance into the readers’ minds.
• The guideline to remember with a
description is that it answers the question:
“What does it look like?” or “What are its
characteristics?”
• These concrete descriptions make
the readers visualize the situations
more thoroughly. As a result, the
reader becomes more immersed
with what they are reading, and with
every detail everything becomes
more realistic to them.
Example:
“The glade was strange. There were vines
that looped and leapt from one branch to another,
forming a massive canopy over the clearing. The
dome of branches dappled the lances of sunlight
falling in. Flowers, unlike anything I’ve ever seen,
blossomed in cracks of mossy stone and peeking
through the leaves. Past the tall columns of the
dark trees crept over with vines was a massive pool
of water that mirrored and rippled the sunlight.
And in the middle of that pool was a lone circle of
grassy land.”
3. DEFINITION
• This occurs when there is an object or
fact in the story that the writer does not
want to explain through context clues.
• Oftentimes, a definition paragraph (also
called an essay) is used as form of
foreshadowing where it becomes vital to
the plot later on.
• Definition is used for two major purposes: to
EXPLAIN or to CONVINCE.
My father’s hands are grotesque. He suffers
from psoriasis, a chronic skin disease that covers
his massive, thick hands with scaly, reddish
patches that periodically flake off, sending tiny
pieces of dead skin sailing to the ground.
- Jan Gray, “Father”

In the example below, a definition for the


unfamiliar term psoriasis was provided.
• When explaining how to do something, words
unfamiliar to the readers should be defined. This
is shown in the example below.

The trouble is, though, that if, for any


reason, the body has more cholesterol than it
needs, there is a tendency to get rid of it by
storing it on the inner surface of the blood vessels
– especially the coronary vessels that feed the
heart. This is “atherosclerosis”
- Isaac Asimov, “Cholesterol”
• In an argumentative or persuasive objective in
a written text, terms should be defined so
readers will have a clear understanding of the
idea being presented to them. It is easy for
readers to be persuaded or be moved to take
on a position on something they understand.

Social acceptability is a function of which


group controls society and to what extent
minority voices can influence the spectrum of
opinion.
- Kristin Gross, Taking a Stand Against Sexism
• Methods of definition:
1. Use synonym
2. Use comparisons
3. Use descriptions
4. Use examples by illustrating a
word’s meaning
4. CLASSIFICATION
• One strategies in writing which involves
combining objects or items into categories
based on its distinct characteristics. These
grouped and classified items are labeled under
new combinations.
Example:
1. Simple Machines
2. Programmable Machines
3. Robots
• Classification paragraphs can be
organized using an OFFICIAL or
PERSONAL classification.
Official classifications includes
widely-known and accepted
categories used by the government, a
business, or an organization.
Personal classification includes our
own classification.
Note:
• A classification and exemplification
should be used with the purpose of
emphasizing the differences between
the different criteria.
5. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
• It occurs between two entities by
presenting their similarities and
differences based on their characteristics
or features.
• The general aim is to answer the
questions:
“What makes these things different?”
“What do they have in common?”
• The two ways in comparison and
contrast in writing are in chunks and
in sequence.
In Chunking, the characteristics of
the items being compared are
presented separately.
In Sequencing, the attributes of the
objects are presented point by point.
Example:
In chunking, the characteristics
of Honda Civic car are presented
first then followed by the features
of Toyota Corolla car. Using
sequenced comparison, the
features of two cars will be
analyzed feature by feature.
6. CAUSE AND EFFECT
• It explains reasons why things
happen or explains the results of
certain phenomena.
• Cause and effect can be written in
two ways. A paragraph may either
emphasize the cause or the effect.
1. Paragraph emphasizing cause.
As the name implies, this emphasizes the
cause and goes into detail about it while the
effect is subtly expressed in the sentence.
Example:
“Because she had hurled the urn down the
mountain, it is impossible to recover it now. She
had thrown it with all her strength, not even
watching it sail into the air before it disappeared.”
2. Paragraph emphasizing effect.
This emphasizes the effect and goes into
detail about it, with the cause subtly hinted at
the paragraph.
Example:
“One more delayed payment for the house
rent and it would soon be gone. They would be
left homeless. The children will have to stop
going to school, and she would have nowhere to
go.”
7.PROBLEM-SOLUTION

• A problem-solution paragraph
in a text begins by identifying
the problem or situation, and
later on presents a solution to
the problem.
Problem-Solution
Problem Solution
I. The financing II. The Philhealth
healthcare in the national health care
Philippines is insurance would
inadequate. provide medical care to
all citizens.
8.PERSUASION
• A writing strategy which involves
presenting a position or
standpoint which is a product of
careful research and supported
with valid claims in order to
change the attitudes or behavior
of others.
Example:
“Dear Linda, thank you for your letter. I must
say that I disagree with your view. Vaccinations are
actually an extreme necessary part of keeping
everyone, including your own children, safe from
disease. The herd immunity that protects us all is
only strong as long as everyone continues ensuring
that their children are vaccinated. There are children
who, for medical reasons, cannot receive
vaccination, and therefore are relying on the
immunity of the herd. To not vaccinate your children
would be risking so many more in danger to diseases
that the human race has nearly eradicated.”
Activity: (Narration)
Narrate a usual day in
your life as a student.
Activity: (Description)
• Describe your Christmas
Eve and New Year’s Eve
Celebration.
Activity: (Definition)
Recall several terminologies you
learned in your field of study. Be able to give
the definition of each term. Identify the
type of definition used.

Term: __________________
Definition: __________________
Type: ______________________
Activity: (Classification)
Write a paragraph that uses classifications
to rank or categorize the types of one of the
following subjects:

a. Students at your department


b. Diets
c. New cars
d. Consumers
e. Disabilities
f. Careers
g. Recent movies
Activity: (Comparison and Contrast)
Write a paragraph using comparison
and contrast to explain the similarities and
differences on any of the given topics
below.
a. Two sitcoms
b. Two cars
c. Two teachers
d. Two friends
Activity: (Cause and Effect)
Typhoon Yolanda took the lives of over
6,300 Filipinos and displaced thousands of
others. Perform a thorough research that
will explain why there were so many
casualties even when they were warned of
a storm surge beforehand by the officials.
Use the cause and effect pattern of
development in writing.
Writing Exercise:
Write a short story incorporating
at least four of the patterns of
development. Indicate on each
paragraph what examples of the
pattern of development you have
used.

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