CSNB123:

Computer Organization

Chapter 1
Introduction

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Expected Course Outcome
CO# Course Outcome Coverage
1 Explain the concepts that underlie modern 
computer architecture, its evolution, functions,
organization and internal data representation.
2 Differentiate types of memory components and
computer instructions.
3 Explain the RISC and CISC computers, and single
core and multi-core computers.

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Coverage
Organization and
Architecture
Structure and Function
Numbering System

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Organizational &
Architecture
Architecture Organization

• Architectural attributes • Operational units

visible to the programmer • Organizational attributes
• Instruction set implementing the
• Number of bits used for features
data representation
• Control signals
• I/O mechanisms
• Interfaces
• Addressing techniques
• Memory technology
• Compatibility - Sharing
basic architecture
• Intel x86 family
• IBM system / 370 family

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Coverage
Organization and
Architecture
Structure and Function
Numbering System

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Structure & Function
Structure Function

• Method in which • Operation of

components relates individual
to each other components as part
of the structure
• 4 computer functions
• Data movement
• Control
• Data storage
• Data processing

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 Function
Data
Storage
Facility
Operating
Environment Data
(source and Control
Movement
Mechanism
destination of Apparatus
data)
Data
Processing
Facility

Functional View of the Computer

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 Function
Data
DATA OUT Storage
Facility
Operating
Environment Data
(source and Control
Movement
Mechanism
destination of Apparatus
data)
Data
Processing
DATA IN Facility

Data Movement

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 Function
Data
Storage
Facility
Operating
Environment
Data
(source and Control
Movement
destination of Mechanism
Apparatus
data)
Data
Processing
Facility

Store Data

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 Function
Data
Storage
Facility

4
Operating
Environment

1
Data
(source and Control
Movement
Mechanism
destination of Apparatus 2
data)
3 Data
Processing
Facility

Processing from/to Storage

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 Function
Data
Storage
Facility
Operating
Environment Data
(source and Control
Movement
Mechanism
destination of Apparatus
data)
Data
Processing
Facility

Route between storage and I/O

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Computer
Structure

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Structure – Top Level
• Recap Structure: Method in which components
relates to each other
Computer
Peripherals

Central
Main
Processing
Memory
Unit (CPU)
Computer

Systems
Interconnection

Communication Input Output

lines

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Structure:
Computer  CPU
Computer CPU

Central
Main Arithmetic
Processing
Memory Registers Logic Unit
Unit (CPU)
(ALU)

Systems
Interconnection Internal CPU Interconnection

Input Output
Control Unit

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Structure:
Computer  CPU  Control Unit

CPU Control Unit

Arithmetic
Registers Logic Unit Sequencing
(ALU) Logic

Internal CPU Interconnection

Control Unit Registers and
Decoders
Control Unit

Control Memory

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Additional Reference
• http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html
• http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html
• WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
• CPU Info Center
• Processor Emporium
• ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture
• IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture
• Intel Technology Journal
• Manufacturer’s sites
• Intel, IBM, etc.
• William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture:
Designing for Performance, 10th. Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc., 2016

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 This teaching material belongs to

Systems and Networking Department

College of Computer Science and Information Technology
Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN)
Malaysia

(2017)

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