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19 views

session06-balanceofsystemcomponents-180429133026

Uploaded by

James K. Bitok
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Partnership To Advance Clean Energy-Deployment (PACE-D)

Technical Assistance Program


Solar PV Rooftop Training Program For Entrepreneurs

Session:
Balance of System (BoS) Components

Jan 4, 2025

Presented by
USAID PACE-D TA Program
Contents

Array mounting structure

Key Balance of System (BoS) components

DC cables and AC cables

Array junction box / DC combiner box


Contents

Safety and protection devices

Energy meters

System Monitoring

Marking and Signage


Array Mounting Structure – Design &
Materials

Corrosion
Aspects to be considered Thermal Wind
Mounting to be
while designing array Aspects To be rated for
made from
mounting structure Expansion / maximum
corrosion
Contraction of expected wind
resistant
modules / speeds
materials
Structure
Support structures and module
mounting arrangements should Material Mechanical
comply with Accumulation Loads on PV
 Applicable building codes on PV Array Structures
Snow, ice, To comply with
regulations and others related
 Standards and module standards
manufacturer’s mounting IEC 62548
Array Mounting Structure – Flat RCC Roof
Array Mounting Structure – Flat RCC Roof
Array Mounting Structure – Installation on
Slant Roof
Array Mounting Structure – Installation on
Slant Roof
KEY BALANCE OF SYSTEM (BOS) COMPONENTS
Key Balance of System (BoS) Components
Key Balance of System (BoS) Components

DC cables and AC cables


Array Junction Box / DC combiner box
Over current protection device / circuit breaker

Balance of Disconnection devices


System (BoS) Plugs, sockets, and connectors
Components Lightning protection device

Earthing and bonding arrangement


Energy meters
System monitoring
Marking and signage
DC Cables
Use of DC cables:
 String cables
connecting the
modules in series and
to the array junction
box
 Array cables connecting
the array junction box
to the SPVRT array
DC isolator
For a system with battery
 DC inverter cables storage:
connecting the SPVRT  Connecting battery to
array DC isolator to the inverter
inverter  Battery interconnection
Tools & Accessories for Wire Connection
Array Junction Box / DC Combiner Box
 SPVRT strings are
connected in a
junction / combiner box
which also contains
overcurrent protection
devices and / or switch-
disconnectors  Shall be capable of being
reached for inspection,
 SPVRT array and SPVRT
maintenance or repairs
string combiner boxes
shall be at least IP 54  There should be
compliant in accordance
with IEC 60529, and segregation between
shall be UV resistant. positive and negative
conductors within
combiner boxes to
Over Current Protection Device / Circuit
Breakers
 Requirement of OCPD in SPVRT
array shall be determined as per
section 6.3 of IEC62548
 String OCP shall be located at the
string in the sub-array or array
cables in the string combiner box
 Sub-array OCPD shall be installed
in the sub-array cables in the array
combiner box
 Array OCPD shall be installed at the
array cables in the application
circuit or the inverter
 OCPD shall be certified to either
IEC 60898-2 or IEC 60947-2
Disconnection Devices
 Circuit Breakers used for
overcurrent protection in SPVRT
array shall be
 Certified to IEC 60898 or IEC
60947-2 (IS 13947)
 Not polarity sensitive
 Rated to interrupt full load
and prospective fault current
 Rated for overcurrent as per
IEC 62548 section 6.3.5.

 All circuit breakers used, need to


be rated for DC
Disconnection Devices

According to CEA (Technical Standards for Connectivity of the Distributed


Generation Resources) Regulations, 2013, a manual isolating switch shall be
installed between the inverter and the electricity grid. It is recommended to
place that on the inverter side of the PV metering device in the switchboard.
 It must Interrupt the active conductor
 Be capable of being locked in open position
 Be located at a height of at least 2.44m above the ground level
 May not be rated for load break nor may have feature of over-current
protection
 Comply with all other specifications as per CEA Regulations
Plugs, Sockets & Connectors
 Be rated for DC use
 Have a voltage and current rating as per section 7 of IEC-62548
 Require a deliberate force to disconnect
 If accessible by untrained people then shall be of the locking type
where two independent actions are required to disconnect
 Be rated for outdoor use, be UV-resistant and be of an IP rating
suitable for the location
 Plugs and socket outlets normally used for the connection of
household equipment to low voltage AC power shall not be used in PV
arrays
Lightning Protection System
 The need for a lightning protection system
shall be assessed and installed in
accordance with IEC 62305-2, IEC 62305-3
or IS2309

 If a lightning protection system (LPS) is


already installed on the building, the SPVRT
system should be integrated into the LPS as
appropriate in accordance with
IEC 62305-3

 In the case where no lightning system is


required on a building or in a case of a free-
standing array, overvoltage protection may
still be required to protect the array and the
inverter and all parts of the installation
Earthing & Bonding Arrangement

The following options for earthing or


bonding of parts of a SPVRT array exist:

 Functional  Equipotential
earthing of bonding to avoid
conductive uneven potentials
non-current across an
carrying parts installation

 Earthing for  Functional


lightning earthing of one
protection current carrying
pole of the SPVRT
Energy Meters
Bi-directional Analog Meter for Net Metering

Two Uni-directional Analog Meter for Net Metering


System Monitoring
 Most inverters are equipped with
data module and communication
system which sends daily energy
generation

 An independent energy generation


and performance monitoring
system can also be installed

 When required, a residual current


monitoring and earth fault alarm
system shall be installed
Marking & Signage
For safety of maintenance personnel,
inspectors, DISCOM personnel, and
emergency aid services it is essential to
indicate markings of SPVRT installation. IEC
62548 indicates the following signs using
local language or using appropriate local
warning symbols

 Sign at the origin of the electrical


installation
 Sign at the metering position, if
remote from the origin
 Sign at the consumer unit or
distribution board to which the supply
from the inverter is connected
 Sign at all points of isolation of all
Recapturing the Session

 What are the major components of a SPVRT system?


 What are the balance of system (BoS) components of a SPVRT system?
 How do you qualify PV modules for grid-connected SPVRT system?
 How is a grid connected inverter different from a UPS inverter?
 How do you identify an isolated or non-isolated grid-connected inverter?
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of micro inverter?
 Why does the SPVRT system require earthing?
 Why should marking and signage be installed in an SPVRT system?
Disclaimer:
Anurag Mishra This training material is made possible by the support of the American
People through the United States Agency for International
Senior Clean Energy Specialist Development (USAID). The contents of this material are the sole
USAID/India responsibility of Nexant, Inc. and do not necessarily reflect the views of
USAID or the United States Government. This material was prepared
Email: [email protected] under Contract Number AID-386-C-12-00001.
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