INTRODUCTION TO

OFFICIAL BOOKS

 REPRESENTED TO:
SIR KHEZER HAYAT

 REPRESENTED BY:
QURRATULAIN
REBEECA VICTOR
CONTENTS
 DEFINATION
 PANELS AND UPDATING

 PHARMACOPEIAS

 FORMULARIES

 NOMENCLATURE

 US DRUG COMPENDIA

 HERBAL MEDICINE

 DRUG INTERACTION

 POSIONING AND TOXICOLOGY

 COSEMETICS AND TOILETERY

 REFERENCE
 DEFINITION
Any book which is authentic
approved by Govt. body and
always been updated by different
panels of experts having defined
qualification and experience
Example:
British national formulary
United state pharmacopia
PANELS AND UPDATING
Panels are groups of qualified and
experienced persons and contain
different number of members.
 Updating mean revise the book

and it consist of 2 steps:

1. Adding something
2. Delete something
 Books updated according to their
specific time and some books do
not update.
 Example:
 BNF updated after every 1 year

but international pharmacopeia

updated annually as well as
biannually
 PHARMACOPEIAS
 Modern pharmacopeias contain
standards for purity, strength,
quality and analysis of drugs.
 Pharmacopeias are issued by

Govt. or by international
agencies.
 Most pharmacopeias are kept up

to date through regular interval.

TYPES OF
PHARMACOPEIAS
 Some famous pharmacopeias are:
1. United states pharmacopeia/national
formulary (USP/NP).
2. British pharmacopeias
3. European pharmacopeias.
4. Indian pharmacopeias
5. International pharmacopeias
6. PDR
7. martindale
USP-NP
 The United States Pharmacopeia and The
National Formulary (USP–NF) is a book of public
pharmacopeial standards.

 USP–NF is a combination of two compendia, the

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the National
Formulary (NF). Information for drug substances,
dosage forms, and compounded preparations are
featured in the USP. Information for dietary
supplements and ingredients appear in a separate
section of the USP.NF includes the name of the
ingredient or preparation; the definition; packaging,
storage, labeling requirements ,specification and
excipients. The specification consists of a series of
tests, procedures for the tests.
BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIA
The British Pharmacopoeia (BP) has been
providing authoritative official standards for
pharmaceutical substances and medicinal
products. In addition to expanding the
information for licensed formulated products,
it supports the regulatory work in the fields
of herbal and complementary medicines. The
BP has also begun to improve the control of
the quality of unlicensed medicine.
 It is essential for all individuals and

organizations involved in pharmaceutical

research, development, manufacture, quality
control and analysis.
INTERNATIONAL
PHARMACOPOEIA
 The International Pharmacopoeia is an
essential point of reference for anyone
involved in the research, development or
manufacture of medicines. The contents shall
have legal status, whenever a national or
regional authority expressly introduces it into
appropriate legislation.
 This pharmacopoeia consists of quality

specifications for pharmaceutical substances

and dosage forms together with supporting
general methods of analysis.
BRITISH NATIONAL
FORMULARY
The British National Formulary (BNF)
provides up-to-date, practical guidance on
prescribing, dispensing, and administering
medicines. This essential reference reflects
current best practice as well as legal and
professional guidelines relating to the uses of
medicines
 Access to the latest edition of the BNF is

vital for healthcare professionals, as there

are a large number of updates from one
edition to the next.
PHYSICIAN DESK
REFERENCE
 The Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) is
a commercially published compilation of
manufacturers' prescribing information on
prescription drugs updated annually.
 The PDR material contained includes:

company's or trademarked drug name,

Category index, Generic/chemical index (non-
trademark common drug names),Color
images of medications, Product information,
labeling, Chemical information,
Function/action, Indications &
Contraindication, side effects, warnings.
MARTINDALE
 Martindale: The Complete Drug
Reference is a book published by
Pharmaceutical Press listing some 6,000 drugs
and medicines used throughout the world.
 Martindale contains information on drugs in

clinical use worldwide, as well as veterinary

drugs, herbal and complementary medicines,
pharmaceutical excipients, vitamins and
nutritional agents, vaccines,
radiopharmaceuticals, contrast media and
diagnostic agents, medicinal gases, drugs of
abuse, toxic substances, disinfectants, and
pesticides.
FORMULARIES
 They contain lists of drugs approved
for use by a particular hospital, health
plan or Govt.
 Many hospitals and health plans

contain committees to consider which

drug should be included in institution’s
formularies.
 These committees contain members of

institutions medical staff and include

one or more representatives from the
pharmacy.
 Some formularies are:
1. Approved drug product with
therapeutic equivalence
evaluation also known as orange
book. It includes all the lists of both
the drugs that have been approved
by the FDA and FDA’s evaluation of
the therapeutic equivalence of
different manufacturers’ preparation
of approved drugs.
2. USP DI ,volume 3,approved drug
products and legal requirements.
NOMENCLATUR
E
 Every drug has at least two
names:
 Chemical name
 Generic name
 A drug may have other names

including variant chemical name,

proprietary trade name and
variant generic name. Drug name
sometimes differ for the
countries.
 Some books for nomenclature are:
1. USP and international drug name is
the list of US adopted name of drugs.
2. INTERNATIONAL
NONPROPRIETORY NAMES contain
WHO established drug names.
3. INDEX NOMINUM contain drug name
from around the world include
chemical name, structures etc.
US DRUG COMPENDIA
 There are a variety of US drug
compendia:
 Prescription products
 Nonprescription products
 Parenterals
 Catalogs
 Physical identification
 Consumer drug information
PRESCRIPTION DRUG
 It is a licensed medicine.
 These drugs are taken under the

doctors direction.
 If they are taken improperly they can

be dangerous.
 The official books provide us

information about all these drug label

information.
NONPRESCRIPTION
PRODUCTS
 These are sometimes called OTC
drugs. Its includes tablets of available
drugs.
 Nonprescription drug therapy is also

arranged by symptoms
 If u take theses drugs more than a

normal amount this will cause

overdose. Specially in the case of
pregnancy
PARENTERAL
 Parenteral drug are those drug that are
injected directly into the body and are
not absorbed through gastrointestinal
system.
 It reduces the risk of bacterial growth

and become therapeutic at a faster

rate.
 NON-PARENTERAL DRUG
A non-parenteral drug is one that is
administrated orally or by inhalation
for example, swallowing a pill or using
CATALOGS
 Themajor catalog are commonly
found in drug topics red book. It
help us to reduce the need to
search and simplifies, analysis
and includes average wholesale
prices and manufacturer for both
prescription and nonprescription
products
PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATION
 Physicalidentification means colour,
shape and size of dosage form and
many other information like
manufacturing and logo description.
1. INDENTIDEX SYSTEM identifies
pharmaceutical tablets and capsules
by secondary characteristics.
CONSUMER DRUG
INFORMATION
 Griffith complete guide to prescription
and non prescription drug; rybacks
essential guide to prescription drug
and the pill bull includes drugs
including the condition they are use to
treat, their safe use and their possible
adverse effects.
 Patients drug facts include both a

quarterly loose-leaf update service.

FOREIGN DRUG

COMPENDIA
 Martindale: The complete drug
reference( London ) contain
therapeutic and other information on
drug and medicine from around the
world.
 Compendium of pharmaceutical

specialties(CANADA):
 It contains numerous drug information

which help health care professionals to

use drug safely and appropriately.
HERBAL MEDICINES
 The review of natural products
includes brief overview of chemistry,
pharmacology and toxicology of the
products.
 Plants includes class of pytochemistry

and the plant from which the chemical

may be isolated.
 Herbal medicine includes a

pharmaceutical comments with

recommendation on whether herbal
medicine should be use or not.
DRUG INTERACTION
 It is the interaction when two or more
drugs interact pharmacodynamically in
such a way that toxicity of one or more
drug is altered i-e when the drug is
taken with the other drug or with food.
 Drug interaction facts: The

interaction b/w medication and food.

POISONING AND TOXICOLOGY
 Poisiondex from micromedex includes
information for treating poisoning from
all the chemicals, plants etc.
 Sax’s dangerous properties of

industrial materials includes chemical

and physical data on the substance as
well as toxicological and reactivity.
 Clarke’s analysis of drug and poison

includes a definite source for drug and

poisons and is essential for many poison
information centers.
COSMETICS AND TOILETRIES
 The international cosmetics
ingredient dictionary an handbook
includes information on chemical class,
composition, function and label
requirement used in cosmetics.
Cosmetics formulation contain
industrial recipe for making a variety
of cosmetics and toiletries.
GENERAL DRUG
INFORMATION
o Center Watch contain information
about clinical research and drugs in
development.
o Doctor's Guide to Recently
Approved Drugs & new indications
for medications.
o Mayo Clinic contain information
about management of common
disease/conditions as well as health
promoting activities.
o World Wide Web Virtual Library
Pharmacy contain huge site with
links to a variety of pharmacy
associations, organizations &
resources.
o Online Drug Information system
contain information about drugs
available in Pakistan along
with prices.
GOVERNMENT & ORGANIZATION WEB
PAGES

o Agency for Healthcare Research &

Quality contains a number of evidence-
based for managing common medical
conditions.
o Center for Disease Control provides
information about infectious disease,
immunizations and other public health
conditions.
o Food & Drug Administration contain
information about all products regulated by the
FDA, including food, drug, medical devices.
Information is also provided about recent
approvals and withdrawals.
o National Institute of Health (NIH)
contain information about health
conditions, recent news, and various
organizations that are part of the NIH.
o National Library of Medicine contain
the world's largest medical library,
providing information on all areas of
healthcare and medicine.
REFERENCES
 http://www.tsoshop.co.uk/bookstore.asp?FO=
1310208
 http://www.pharmpress.com/product/

9780857110862/bnf67
 http://www.usp.org

 Remington the science and practice of

pharmacy
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