INTRODUCTION :

Multiplex complex shall mean an integrated entertainment and

shopping center/complex or a shopping mall and having at least 3
cinema halls/screens .Apart from cinema halls, the entertainment
area may have restaurant's, cafeteria, fast spa/centers, convention
centers, hotels, videogame parlors, spa and other recreational
activities.
HISTORY :
ANCIENT GREEK THEATRE PERIODS OF THEATRE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE
THEATRE
 1500s: Commedia dell’Arte
 1000BC–146BC: Ancient (Italy) This form of Italian
Greek theatre The Ancient theatre became popular in
Greeks created purpose- the 16th and 17th centuries.
built theatres called  Props and costumes were
Amphitheatres. basic and the plays were
 Greek Amphitheatres performed – free for all – on
were usually cut into a raised platforms in public
hillside, with tiered piazzas (squares). Plots
seating surrounding the generally centred around the
stage in a semicircle, like struggle of young lovers,
the Theatre at Epidauros whose union was being
pictured above. hindered by an elder. This
 The works of famous type of play also found its
Greek playwrights, such as way into both French and
Sophocles, Aristophanes English theatre.
and Euripedes, are still
performed today

ROMAN THEATRE ELIZABETHAN THEATRE

 1558–1603: Elizabethan
 753BC–AD476: Ancient theatre Theatre during the
Roman theatre The reign of Elizabeth I has largely
Romans continued the become linked with one name
Greek theatrical tradition. – William Shakespeare,
 Their theatres resembled
arguably the most influential
Greek amphitheaters but and famous dramatist of all
were built on their own time.
foundations and often  During Elizabethan times,
enclosed on all sides. plays were staged in special
 The Colosseum in Rome
wooden playhouses. The Globe
(pictured), which was built Theatre (pictured), on the
between AD72 and AD80, banks of the River Thames in
is an example of a London, is a prime example.
traditional Roman theatre.  The majority of the audience
 Theatrical events were
would have stood in the ‘pit’ in
huge spectacles and could front of the stage, while richer
involve acrobatics, audience members sat on seats
dancing, fighting or a around the edge.
person or animal being
killed on stage.
EASTERN THEATRE
MEDIEVAL THEATRE TRADITIONS

 900–1500s: Medieval  1600s–today: Kabuki

theatre After the Romans theatre (Japan) Japanese
left Britain, theatre all but kabuki theatre is famous for
died out. its elaborate costumes and
 It was reintroduced make-up, and unique style
during the 10th century in of music.
the form of religious  It originally used female
dramas, plays with morals performers playing both
and ‘mystery’ plays male and female roles, but
performed in churches, women were banned from
and later outdoors. performing kabuki in 1629.

ANCIENT GREEK THEATRE

THEATRE OF DIONYSIUS
Location : Acropolis of Athens
Address : Mitseon 25, Athina 117 42, Greece
Architectural style : Ancient Greek architecture
Type of plan : Amphitheatre, semi circular plan
Constructed materials : it is A hill served
as theatron, stone, marble, wood
No. Of Seatings : it allows 15,000 to 17,000
people to be seated in 68 rows

 The foundations of this terrace as a section

of polygonal masonry indicating an archaic
date.
 It is a hill served as theatron.
 The oresteia that has a number of
entrances and exits from a palace door.
 After remodelling of the theatre, more
rows of stone seats were added, and extra
horizontal walkways were built to allow
easier access to theatre seating
 The front of the theater consisted of 67
marble thrones with engraved inscriptions
which were reserved for dignitaries

Issues in the theatre :

• Daylight
• Class issues
• Women
• Comfort
• Sound effect

ROMAN THEATRE

Location : Regio III Isis et Serapis, Rome,

ROMAN COLOSSEUM Italy
Builder: Vespasian, Titus
Founded: AD 70–80; 1942 years ago
Architectural style : Ancient Roman
Architecture style
Type of plan : Amphitheatre, circular plan
Constructed materials : Roman concrete
with stone and bricks
No. Of Seatings : More than 50,000 people
80 entrances

 The Colosseum is roughly elliptical in

shape.
 Its long axis, oriented WNW-ESE,
measures 188 m and the short one
156.
 Its coordinates are: latitude 41° 53' 33"
north, longitude 12° 29' 31" east
 The overall height of the building is
48,5 m (159’)
 The arena measures 76 m by 44 (249
by 144 feet, or 83 by 48 yard)

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  The building stands on a base of 2 steps; there are 3 floors
of arcades and a 4th floor with windows
 The arches are 4.20 m. (13’9") wide and 7.05 m (23’1") high
on the ground floor; on the upper floors they are only 6.45
m (21’2") high
 The seating was raised 3.60 m above the arena, and it has a
gradient of 37°
Issues in the theatre :
• Daylight
• Class issues
• Sound effect

ITALIAN RENAISSANCE THEATRE

Location : Vicenza, Province of

TEATRO OLIMPICO Vicenza, Veneto, Italy
Address: Piazza Matteotti, 11, 36100 Vicenza VI,
Italy
Architect: Andrea Palladio
Owner: Musei Civici Vicenza
Opened: 1585
Architectural style : Palladian architecture,
Renaissance architecture
Type of plan : Polygonal and Semi circular plan
Constructed materials : Bricks, Timber and Plaster
No. Of Seatings : 400

 The walls and ceiling of the proscenium are

elaborately articulated with architectural
details and statues, made of wood and plaster.
 The back of the auditorium is formed by a
colonnade which at the ends and at the centre
is filled in and provided with niches and
statues, but which is left open in the direction
of the corners.
 The fact that the auditorium is semi-elliptical,
not semi-circular, was probably due to the site.
 The stage had a permanent facade (fake
building front built on stage to represent a
large building).
Issues in the theatre :
The theater is still used, especially for classical
performances and concerts, mainly in spring and
autumn because, in fear of damaging its delicate
structures, it has never been equipped with
heating or air conditioning systems
ELIZABETHAN THEATRE
GLOBE THEATRE
Location : London, England
Address : Maiden Lane (now Park Street)
Southwark, London, England
Architect: Theo Crosby
Owner: Shakespeare Globe Trust
Architectural style : Elizabethan style of
architecture
Type of plan : Circular plan, Pentagram firm
Constructed materials : English Oak,
Timber-framed building
No. Of Seatings : 1,570 people

 The building itself is constructed entirely

of English oak, with mortise and tenon
joints
 No structural steel was used
 The wattle walls were daubed with
mortar and whitewash was then applied
 There were no spotlights, and plays
were staged during daylight hours and in
the evenings
 They plays with the help of interior
floodlights

Issues in the theatre :

• lighting
• Women
• Comfort
• Sound effect

EASTERN THEATRE TRADITIONS

KABUKI THEATRE
Location : Tokyo, Japan
Address : 4 Chome-12-15 Ginza, Chuo
City, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
Architect: Kengo Kuma
Architectural style : Traditional Japanese
architecture
Type of plan : Polygonal plan
Constructed materials : Steel truss base ,
Wooden substructure ,Veirdendeel lid
and Steel reinforced concrete
No. Of Seatings : 1,964

 GINZA KABUKIZA is a multipurpose

complex consisting of a Kabuki
theater in the traditional architectural
form and a high-rise office building.
 Present It has four floors below
ground, and 29 floors above ground.
 The design of the fourth-generation
building, which was built with steel-
reinforced concrete, was reproduced
with the latest steel frame, without
changing the visual impression.
 The build of the Japanese cypress-
wood stage that is a main attraction
inside the theater is also one
highlight in replicating the feel of the
old Kabukiza.

PVR SAKETH THEATRE INDIA FIRST MULTIPLEX THEATRE

Location : Saket district Centre, South Delhi
Address: PVR Anupam Saket, Kiosk 23/4 ground, Community Center, New Delhi.
Architects : Tevatia Chauhan & Sharma Architects
Construction materials : RCC frames, Marble, Granite slabs
Type of plan : Rectangular open plan
No. Of Seatings : 745
 Pvr Anupam Saket merged with Citywalk
 The Planning of the select Citywalk mall is divided into 4 categorizations
• Family & Tradition space
• Celebration (center sage )
• High voltage ( youth)
• Open plaza/ landscaped area

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 SPENCER PLAZA, CHENNAI INDIA FIRST SHOPPING MALL

Location : Chennai, Tamil Nadu  There are over 700 shops in the
Address: 768-769, Anna Salai, plaza and over 22,000 people
Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600002 visit the plaza every day, with the
Architects : C.R. Narayana Rao number increasing to 40,000 on
Architectural style: Modern weekends and to 60,000 on
architecture festival days.
Floors: 8  Over 20,000 two-wheelers check
Construction materials : RCC frames, into the parking lot on weekends
Marble  Fire safety includes a water
Type of plan : Polygonal planning capacity of 1.2 million litres, fire
Floor area : 530,000 sq ft (49,000 m2) sprinklers, smoke and heat
detection systems and fire
extinguishers.

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA:

HEIGHT MINIMUM MINIMUM
Site Requirements for Multiplex Complexes: OF THE FRONT OPEN
(1) The minimum size of plot for a Multiplex shall be BUILDING OPEN SPACE ON
3000sq. m. (M) SPACE(M) REMAINING
(2) The site shall abut to an existing road whose width
shall be not less than 18m.
SIDES
(3) The abutting road has to be black-topped with
minimum 2 lane carriageway. Service roads are
required for sites abutting 30m and above roads
and approach shall be allowed only through service UP TO 15 12 6
road. The width of the service road shall be
minimum 7m with minimum 2 lane black topped ABOVE 15 12 7
carriageway and shall be undertaken by the owners
&UP TO 21
of such buildings to the extent of the width of their
site . ABOVE 12 8
Location Criteria: 21&UP TO 27
(4) The location criteria of a Multiplex Complex shall be
the same as given in the Andhra Pradesh Cinemas ABOVE 24 12 9
(Regulation) Act, 1955 and in addition to this, it &UP TO 27
shall comply with Clause 3.2 of Part 4 of National
Building Code (wherever applicable). ABOVE 12 10
(5) Where zoning regulations of a statutory Plan 27&UP TO 30
Scheme are in force, the location of multiplex
complex shall be governed as per such zoning ABOVE 30 12 11
regulations. &UP TO 35
(6) Multiplex complex may be permitted in a zone or
scheme declared as tourism zone/area along with ABOVE 12 12
other recreational facilities. 35&UP TO 40
(7) Multiplex Complex shall not be allowed in (a)
Congested areas; (b) Settlement areas/Abadi/Gram
ABOVE 40 13 13
khatam areas; (c) Areas restricted for High-rise &UP TO 45
buildings; (d) Abutting to major road junctions of
above 18m wide; (e) Pure residential
areas/localities. ABOVE 45 14 14
(8) Government may by Notification, declare certain
&UP TO 50
roads/areas in any APCRDA/MRDA/UDA/ULB area
where Multiplex Complex shall not be allowed ABOVE 50 15 15

Landscaping and
greenery:
i) A minimum 2 m wide green planting
strip in the periphery on all sides within
the setbacks are required to be
developed and maintained.
ii) In addition to (i) above, an organized
open space of at least 10% of total site
area shall be maintained and utilized as
greenery over and above the mandatory
around set-backs.

SITE LEVEL ZONING

Service Entry ENTRIES AND EXITS:
 Entrance and Exit which shall not be
less than 5m width and 3.5m in height
for use of the public and to access of
the fire fighting vehicles in the road
Multiplex Shopping mall Parking
frontage.

Security
Walk way Checking

Entry Car IN & OUT

PUBLIC HEAVY FLOW

SEMI - PUBLIC MEDIUM FLOW
PRIVATE STAFF FLOW

PARKING
1 Stall for 33sqm gross floor area
The parking spaces may be
provided in:
 basements or cellars or
 on stilt floor or
 In the open space over and
above the minimum required
set-backs (except the front set-
back) to be left around the
building with adequate Mall
vehicular access, aisle, drives, Atrium
ramps required for
maneuvering of vehicles. Basement parking

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FOR THE CALCULATION OF CAR The parking
Type of Parking area to be provided as
SPACE: requirements within the Building percentage
Area of each car space: site shall be as follows: of total built up area (inclusive of
• Parking should be
 Basement parking-15 sq. m all internal aisles,
 Stilt – 2.4 to 2.7m height within 30 meters of
the main entrance driveways, stairs, etc.
 Open Parking - 20 sq. m
 At least two ramps of EACH the building.
• Two accessible
minimum 3.6 m width or
parking lots with
one ramp of minimum 5.4
dimension 3600mm X
m width and adequate In 60%
5000mm.Internationa
slope shall be provided. Municipal
l symbol of
Basement/cellar shall be set
accessibility painted Corporati
back at least 1.5 m from the
on the ground and
on area
property line.
 In case of more than one also on a
signpost/board.
cellar 1 metre additional In other 50%
• Directional signs
setback for every additional areas
guiding people to the
cellar floor shall be insisted.
accessible parking.

BUILDING LEVEL ZONING

Building Entries
Services Multiplex Staff
Main Entrance:-
Main entrance is used by majority of the public
Food Court

Shopping
Horizontal Circulation

It is 2.4 m wide with automatic sensor.

Vertical Circulation

Another entrance for multiplex which dimensions are

same as the main entrance.
INCASE BASEMENT PARKING IS PROVIDED
Atrium
Hang out

ADMIN

SERVICE LIFT:- which is provided to access mall form

basement parking these lifts carry 12 persons to all the
floors. The lift dimension are 2mX1.8mx2.4m.
Two lifts will be placed together
Entry Checking
SERVICE STAIRS:- It is used to mainly incase of emergency or
fire accident, the width of the flight is 2m and the length of
the thread is 0.3m and height will be 0.15m, no of stairs
Entry depends upon the height of the mall

PUBLIC HEAVY FLOW

INCASE RAMP WAS PROVIDED: The ramp is used by
SEMI - PUBLIC MEDIUM FLOW physically handy capped people in emergency where the
STAFF FLOW stairs is used by normal people so PHC people and reach
PRIVATE
exist by using ramp the width of the ramp is 2m and the slop
ration is 1:10 and 1:8 incase if it is needed.

DIFFERENT ZONES IN MALL:

ADMINISTRATION - in order to keep the mall
working properly , a periodic inspection on the
activities is important as the place has multiple
zones to be held together , also the various
functions and services of the building have to be
visioned , hence this space gives a projection of the
total function and ensures safety and security of
the space and the people.

Administration block rooms:

• accounts
• maintenance room
• Conference room
• rooms for staff members
• manager room
services:
• surveillance room
• central power room/
• generator room
• store rooms
• toilets

SHOPPING ZONE:
Shopping - it's a very commonly found space in a mall
where people get to spend their time and get to shop all
the various objects according to purpose and need ,
shopping zones are generally attractive and makes people
spend more time to choose and select their desired one .
Shopping space differ according to what they sell and
type of brands .
SHOPPING ZONE
• Small shops
• Large shops
• Flagship stores
• Department
stores
• Variety stores
• Supermarkets
• Hyper markets
• Shopping
centers
• Retail parks

RECREATIONAL ZONE
Recreational - the recreational spaces in a
mall gives more exposure and brings in
social interaction into enlightenment , also
these spaces people to have their own
space even between many , they can placed
at various zones depending on the
requirement.
• Seating spaces
• Outdoor gathering /seating spaces
• Recreational spaces in the central lobby
• Open balcony's
• Gatherings on terrace etc.
Per person seating space will be 0.45x.045x0.45m
for a chair. For sofa it will be 0.5x0.6x.045m it is
standard comfort size for seating space.

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 SCREENS

Ticket Counter
Predominantly electronic booking and reservation
Entrance systems: 1 cash desk per 300-400 seats, requiring
approx. 5 m2.
Ticket counter Entrance Checking
Two ticket counters will be provided if it is necessary
one in the ground floor and another one at the
entrance of multiplex
Food & Beverage

Food & Beverage

Screen Screen
Waiting lobby
Entry
Entry

Ladies Toilets Staff Gents Toilets

PUBLIC HEAVY FLOW

SEMI - PUBLIC MEDIUM FLOW
PRIVATE STAFF FLOW

Waiting lobby
Waiting lobby is placed after Entrance checking, the lobby
will wide and end of the lobby services and staff blocks are
place separate crowd form staff.

The side of the lobby Food & Beverage are placed. The
lobby connects each screen entrance and seating places
also provided public.

Toilet & Water • Urinals

• One WC and one Urinal for every 50 persons and • One urinals provided for wheelchairs height is about
less for exclusive use of each gender should be 380mm.
provided. • one have its rim set at a height of 500 mm for standing
• Drinking water should be provided in adequate users/ambulant disabled.
quantity. • Urinals shall be minimum 360 mm deep.

STAFF
The staff rooms or admin block will be provided when the
multiplex in the mall was main and the shops of the mall
were for rent then two main administration offices one will
look after mall and another will look after the multiplex.
The rooms are :
• Head room
• Conference room
• Service room
• Staff rooms

• Hand dryers

Types of cinema
'Programme cinemas':
As a counter-trend to
multiplex cinemas ~ p.
224, city centers have
seen the establishment of
'programme cinemas',
which mostly show
specialist films. Sizes of
50-200 seats are usual,
normally in combination
with eating/ drinking
facility

Screen sizes Circarama /Panorama cinemas: Round or

spherical screens increase the impression of
• Cinema scope – 1:2.34 being directly involved in the action. Because
• Kinoton format – 1:2 special film techniques are required for these
• Wide screen – 1:1.85 (a number of cameras have to film the same
view simultaneously), there are only a few films
• Wide screen – 1:1.66
available, and this type of cinema is therefore
• Normal screen – 1:1.37 restricted to adventure parks and planetariums

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Screen Details:

Screens
The distance between the screen and the first front
row of seats shall not be less than the height of the
screen or the top picture height of the screen.
Screens widths 35 mm -
13.7m
70 mm -
19.8m
A minimum depth of 1.35m is required behind the
screens for the installation of speakers.
A gangway or passage must be at least 1.2 m wide and
they shall be provided at least one in the centre and
one on each side.
Exits shall be provided for such waiting spaces on the
basis of one person for each 0.3 sq.mts of waiting
space area.
Seating
Seating areas should be within 0.85-1.05sq.m per
person.
The distance between
the backs of seats should be a
min 900mm
maximum 1.2m
Distance from the screen to the front row = 1/2 (screen
width).
Seat widths vary between 500 and 750 mm
suggested maximum of 22 seats per row

PROJECTIONS ROOMS
Minimum room size: 6.50 x 2.80 x 2.80 m( W x D x H ). Projection window
size approx. 150/250 x 50 cm (one or two projectors) Film can be
supplemented by video projectors, and space should also be provided for
horizontal film tray equipment and control desk.

The platform under the projectors should be vibration-free. A noise level

of approx. 75 dB must be damped to 30 dB by the projection window. The
working temperature should not exceed 22’c in order to protect film
copies and equipment.

ACOUSTIC –
The main objective of the design should be to control
noise from adjacent screens, the projection area, the
foyer, and outside the cinema. The first of these,
controlling noise from adjacent screens, is likely to be the
most difficult with modern digital sound systems. As
most cinemas are air conditioned, there will be some
noise from services. To ensure reasonable listening Acoustic planning should ensure that optimum audible
conditions, this should be limited to 30 dBA. This will conditions are created for listeners in room where
provide some masking of the noise from adjacent speech and music are to be carried out.
screens, but a high performance partition will still be Two important factors considered in acoustic planning
essential. Masonry or lightweight construction may be are :
used, and a typical performance specification for a The reverberation time can increase with increasing
lightweight wall separating two screens. Cinema design, room volume and decrease from 0.8-0.2 secs from low
however, normally requires specialist acoustic advice to high frequency.
The rear wall behind the last row of seats should be
WALL FINISHES :Acoustic curtains are typically made of
sound absorbent to prevent echo.
the heavy duty, flame retardant, acoustically absorbent
fabrics and can be used with various track systems to
 100 dBA the maximum sound level in a cinema hall
afford Greater flexibility than fixed sound absorptive
panels. equipped with a Dolby Atoms system
 120 dB the maximum sound pressure level in the 63
CEILINGS :Manufactured using optimum quality
terracotta, these tiles offers resistance to humidity, heat Hz octave band in a cinema hall equipped with the
and superior acoustical performance. Available in various Dolby Atoms system
 30A dB the maximum permissible level of penetrating
shapes and sizes, these are readily used in multiplexes,
noise in a cinema as per the CR "Noise Protection"
 72 dB the airborne noise insulation index between
the cinema halls as recommended by Acoustic Group
 FARRAT ISOMAT ACOUSTIC FLOATING
FLOORS are used to provide very high
isolation between noisy or quiet rooms and
surroundings rooms.
 They can be built as box in box systems
with the walls and ceiling build off the
floating floor.

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 FOOD ZONE
Food zone - people generally get to spend
most of their time in the mall one they
visit , also when people come with families
or friends they get to spend a lot of time
and during this a brunch is always required ,
let it be a meal or a snack malls provide
various food options which is also great
choice of time

Entrance

Waiting area
Bar
(optional)
Cloaks

Dining
WC area

Staff Kitchen
facilities
PUBLIC
HEAVY FLOW
SEMI - PUBLIC MEDIUM FLOW
PRIVATE STAFF FLOW

GAMING ZONE
in order to provide some fun time to kids as well a few
for the enthusiast adults gaming zones are provided ,
depending on various games like indoor and bowling
spaces ,these help people spend more time and create
kid friendly spaces

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION : RAMPS

 The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 10.
CORRIDORS AND PASSAGEWAYS  In certain cases steeper slopes maybe permitted
 Where stairways discharge through corridors and passageways, the
but in no case greater than 1 in 8.
height of corridors and passageways shall be not less than 2.4 m.  For all slopes exceeding 1 in 10 and wherever the
 All means of exit including stair cases lifts lobbies and corridors shall
use is such as to involve danger of slipping, the
be adequately ventilated.
ramp shall be surfaced with approved non-slipping
material.
VERTICAL CIRCULATION :
STAIRCASE LIFT

ESCALATOR

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 Pedestrian movement in retail establishments
like malls is generally centered on escalators,
and lifts do not play a major part. However,
provision should be made for movement of
shopping trolleys, wheel chairs, perambulators
and persons with limited mobility from one
level to another. A commonly applied solution
is the installation of inclined moving walks.
Where lifts are provided, assumptions of lift car
sizing should take into account space occupied
by trolleys and shopping bags. Where
multiplexes are located on the upper floors, the
last movie of the day gets over after the mall is
closed at which time the escalators might not
be available. In such cases the lift provision has
to be adequate to handle the egress of the total
multiplex population

ELECTRICITY SERVICE

Shopping malls in India account for the huge energy

LIGHTING AND
consumption of about 250– 430 kWh/m2 per year depending VENTILATION:
on climate zones (Energy benchmarks for commercial buildings,
2020). The retail stores within shopping malls are
Parking near 24 h retail entrance 800 W per main entry often tenant-controlled and have ventilation,
Interior Lighting Power - 16.1 W/m2 Building area method heating and cooling systems which operate
Interior Lighting Power - 18.3 W/m2 Space Function Method independently of the mall central space. Within
the retail stores, balanced mechanical
ventilation strategies are frequently employed
Wiring Commercial electrical wiring generally uses three-phase and the shop floor areas are maintained within
power instead of single-phase power. In simple terms, this a narrow temperature band
means cables have four or five wires instead of only two. This
As retail stores generally observe an "open-
consists of three live cables, a neutral cable and an earth cable
door" policy during shopping hours, then, in a
Wire type: Metal-clad cable (type MC) per NEC 330 is one of the mall where temperature control in central
more commonly used cable types in commercial construction. spaces is relaxed, these retail stores will
MC cable is a set of conductors assembled within a metallic contribute heat to the central spaces on colder
sheath of either steel or aluminum interlocking armor where days, and will cool the central spaces on
the sheath is not used as a ground path. warmer days.
1) Fixed minimum (outdoor air) ventilation to
the mall central spaces, with heating and
How can malls reduce energy consumption? cooling as required for comfort.
The application of smart natural ventilation and cooling to 2) Hybrid ventilation of the mall central
reduce the use of energy-intensive climate control systems. The spaces, where natural displacement
application of geothermal heat pumps and heat-recovery ventilation at higher than minimum
technologies to reuse waste heat. The addition of LED lighting volumes can help free-cool these areas until
there is a risk of overheating
systems.

Lighting fixtures used in mall and multiplex:

Façade
Landscaping
Customer drop offs
Atrim
Corridors
Escalators
Elevators
Customers service area
Entertainment complex
Toilets
Loading and unloading bay
Indoor parking
Outdoor parking

HVAC and AHU:

HVAC
(Heating, Ventilation And Air Conditioning)Equipment Room For Central Air Conditioning Plant :
• It should be located preferably with in the building being air conditioned and closed to the external wall for facilitating
ventilation and equipment movement or can be separated by service block which is located as close as possible to the
main building,
• in case of air conditioning plant in basement service ramps or hatch in ground floor slab should be provided.
• The clear headroom below the soffit of beam should be minimum 4.5m for larger capacity chilleri 500TR and above).
Minimum 3.6m for smaller capacity chillers. The Poom of the equipment room should be finished smooth.
Types Of AHU Units
• Floor mounted -A set of 4 to 6 numbers of 200mm x 200mm 200mm blocks are generally used for AHU unit upto
capacity of 10000 cubic meter / Hair flow and 6 or more 300mm x 300mm x 300mm tjocks for higher capacity AU
•Wall mounted

FIRE SAFETY
Wet riser
SI. FIRE FIGHITING INSTAILATIONS • An arrangement for
N firefighting within
O the building by
means of vertical
rising mains not lss
1 Fire extinguishers as per IS 2190 than 100mm
nominal dia with
2 Hose reel landing valves in
3 Wet riser each floor .
• Permanently charged
4 Yard hydrant with water from a
pressurized supply .
5 Automatic sprinkler system in entire building
6 Automatic detection and alarm system in entire LIFE SAFETY General Exit Requirements“ An
building exit may be a doorway; corridor
passageway(s) to an internal staircase, or
7 Manually operated electrical alarm system in external staircase or horizontal landing . Lifts
entire building and escalators shall not be considered as exits
. Every exit, exit access or exit discharge shall
8 Under ground static water tank of 2,00,000 litres be continuously maintained free of all
capacity obstructions.*Exits shall be clearly visible and
the route to reach the exits shall be clearly
9 Terrace tank of 20,000 litres capacity marked and signs posted to guide the
occupants of the floor concerned.*Fire doors
10 Two electrical main pumps of 2850 LMP capacity
with 2 h fire resistance shall be provided at
11 Diesel pump (standard of 2850 LMP capacity) appropriate places along the escape
route.*Fire doors with 2 h fire resistance shall
12 Electric jockey pump of 180 LMP capacity be provided at appropriate places along the
escape route
FIRE TOWER
Fire towers are the preferred type of escape route for storied
buildings and these shall be considered as the safest route for
escape.
Their number, location and size shall depend on the building
concerned, and its associated escape routes.
In high rise buildings with over 8 stores or 24 m in height, at least
one required means of egress shall preferably be a fire tower.
The fire towers shall be constructed of walls with a 2hr fire
resistance rating without openings other than the exit doorways,
with platforms, landings and balconies having the same fire-
resistance rating.

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RAMPS SPRINKLERS:-
• The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 10. In certain • For sidewall-mounted sprinklers, the maximum
cases steeper slopes maybe permitted but in no case floor area coverage by one sprinkler head is 17 m 2
greater than 1 in 8. for light
• For all slopes exceeding 1 in 10 and wherever the use is • hazard and 9 m 2 for ordinary hazard.
such as to involve danger of slipping, the ramp shall be • The max. area served by each sprinkler head 3.33
surfaced with m*3.33m =11.1 m2.
• approved non-slipping material. • This is satisfactory, being less than 12 m 2 .
Hydrants
FIRE LIFTS Hydrants for firefighting and hose reels shall be located in
• Minimum duty load of 630 kg. the lobby in firefighting shaft. Those hydrants planned to
• Minimum internal dimensions of 1„1 m wide 1„4 m deep be provided near fire exit staircase on the floor shall be
2„0 m high. within 5 m from exit door in exit access.
• Provision of an emergency escape hatch in the car roof.
• Top floor access time † maximum 60 seconds.
• Manufactured from non-combustible material.
• Door dimension at least 0.8m wide 2.0m ht of fire
resisting construction.
• Two power supplies mains and emergency generator.

STAIR CASE:
• It should 2m in wide and resist to fire of
2hrs, the stair should consists of
clearances for emergency exist door.
• Every exit doorway shall open into an
enclosed stairway.
• All exit staircases shall discharge, at the
level of exit discharge, to the exit
discharge, either, a) directly, or b)
through an exit passageway, or c)
through a large lobby.

SI.NO TYPES OF TYPE OF INSULATIONS WATER SUPPLY

BUILDING
OCCUPENC
Y

SI.NO TYPE OF FIRE HOSE DRY DOWN YARD AUTOMAT MANUAL AUTOMAT UNDER TERRACE
BUILDING EXTINGUS REEL RISER COMER HYDRANT IC OPERATE IC GROUNDS TANK (ltr)
OCCUPENCY HER SPRINKLE D DETECTIO TATIC
R SYSTEM ELECTRIC N WATER
FIRE ANDFIRE STORAGE
ALARM ALARM TANK

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

MERCANTILE BUILDINGS(F)

1 LESS THAN
15 M IN
HEIGHT

Ground plus R R NR NR R NR R NR NR NR
one storey ,
with total
covered area
not exciding
500 sqm

Ground plus R R NR NR R NR R R NR NR
one storey
and covered
exceeding
500 sqm

More than R R R NR R NR R R NR NR
ground plus
one storey

2 Above 15 m R R NR R NR NR R R R 100
but not
exceeding
24m in
height

3 Above 24 m R R NR R NR R R R R 150
but not
exceeding 30
m in height

Underground R R NR R NR R R R R 150
shopping
complex

NO.OF PEOPLE IN NO.OF EXITS NO .OF PEOPLE WIDTH OF

THE AREA REQUIRED ESCAPE ROUTES
500 2 50 800 MM

1000 3 110 900MM

2000 4 120 110MM

220+ EXTRA 5MM PER

4000+ 5-6 PERSON

WATER SUPPLY
Water per person
Cinema theatres for men 5lit per seat and for women 10 per WASTE MANAGEMENT:
seat total 30 lit per day.
Food courts and restaurant’s including water requirement shopping malls produce consistent volumes
for kitchen – for Food court for men 25lit per seat and for of cardboard packaging, paper and food
waste every day.
women 10lit per seat total 35lit per day. Restaurants for men
an estimated 94% of a store’s waste is
55lit per seat and for women 15lit per total 70lit per day. recyclable.
Shopping and retail (mall) 75% is cardboard and paper
a) Staff - 25 per head 20 per head 45 per head
b) b) Visitors - 5 per head 10 per head 15 per head
Shopping mall consumes between 120,000 lit and 600,000 lit
of water a day. It also consumes roughly 250 kilowatts of
power per m2 in a year.

Kitchen Food court Recreational space

Dust collecting
Service lift Waste corridor
bins(wet/dry)

Waste disposal van

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