LAW ENFORCEMENT

ORGANIZATION AND
ADMINISTRATION INTER-
AGENCY APPROACH

Prepared by: GIAN ANTONIO L. ABDON, RCrim, CCS,

FBS
Introduction to Police Organization ORGANIZATION - a group of persons working
and Administration together for a common goal or objectives a
form of human association for the attainment
In all modern societies, the of a goal or objective the process of
enforcement of the law is vital- identifying and grouping the work to be
without some type of law performed, defining and delegating
enforcement, a society would responsibility and authority, establishing
eventually cease to exist. The relationships for the purpose of enabling
function called law enforcement is people work effectively.
a society’s formal attempt to
obtain compliance with the POLICE ORGANIZATION - a group of trained
established rules, regulations, and personnel in the field of public safety
laws of that society. Without law administration engaged in the achievement
enforcement, society as we know of goals and objectives that promotes the
it would probably succumb to maintenance of peace and order, protection
social disorder and chaos (Jones of life and property, enforcement of the laws
and Barletlett Learning, 2020). and the prevention of crimes.
ADMINISTRATION - an Goal - a desired result you want to achieve and is
organizational process typically broad and long-term (Forsey, 2019).
concerned with the
implementation of objectives Objective - defines the specific, measurable actions
and plans and internal (Forsey, 2019).
operating efficiency connotes
bureaucratic structure and Goals of Police Organization
behavior, relatively routine • To protect lives and properties.
decision-making and • To ensure public safety
maintenance of the internal • To maintain peace and order
order
Objectives of Police Organization
POLICE ADMINISTRATION - the • To attain effectiveness in the enforcement of law
process involved in ensuring and efficiency of law enforcers.
strict compliance, proper • To attain a low crime volume and crime rate.
obedience of laws and related • To attain a maximum degree of solution and
statutes focuses on the criminal conviction of law violators.
policing process or how law • To attain maximum degree in the protection of
enforcement agencies are lives and properties.
organized and managed in
order to achieve the goals of
law enforcement most
effectively, efficiently and
Goal - a desired result you want to achieve and is Organize
typically broad and long-term (Forsey, 2019). • To form a police unit for
the purpose of accomplishing a
Objective - defines the specific, measurable actions common objective.
(Forsey, 2019). • To arrange systematically
a group of police unit/s.
Goals of Police Organization
• To protect lives and properties. Organizing
• To ensure public safety • The act of systematically
• To maintain peace and order arranging police units in
hierarchical order to perform
Objectives of Police Organization specific functions thus achieve
• To attain effectiveness in the enforcement desired objectives.
of law and efficiency of law enforcers.
• To attain a low crime volume and crime Manage
rate. • To direct or conduct the
• To attain a maximum degree of solution affairs or interests of various
and criminal conviction of law violators. police units.
• To attain maximum degree in the protection • To control the direction,
of lives and properties. operation, and business of a
police unit or the police
organization as a whole.
Police Management
Police Accountability
• The art or manner of administering,  The inherent
controlling, or handling all the various aspects of
responsibility of the
• the police organization.
police organization to be
• The skillful use of means to accomplish
answerable for the
the task, purpose or objective of a police unit or
misconducts committed
organization.
by its members.
 It is the legal
Police Power
 The power of the government to impose what is responsibility of the
police officers to face
considered reasonable restriction on the liberties of
any consequence that
its citizens for the maintenance of public order and
may arise while
safety.
 Legally speaking, it is the power of the government exercising their powers,
duties, and functions.
to enact laws or regulations
relative to persons and property that may promote
Sworn Officer
public health, public morals, public safety and the  Personnel of the police
general welfare and convenience of the people.
department who took his
oath of office and thus
possesses the power to
arrest.
 From the simplest social structure-
the family to the most complex-
the community of nations, it is
essential that certain norms and
conduct be to be established and
observed in order to ensure that
the cordial and harmonious
relationship among its members
are preserved and maintained.

It is in the field of law enforcement that

the police are most involved in the
complicated inter-relationship within a
social structure. The effectiveness of a
police organization is essentially
dependent on the manner the same is
managed, administered and controlled
and most especially on the trust that the
citizens-clientele of policing business
bestow upon it.
 THE MEANING OF THE TERM
“POLICE”
• POLICE is the agency of a
community or government that is
responsible for enforcing the law,
maintaining public order,
preventing and detecting crime.
• The term POLICE refers to
the internal organization or
regulation of the state, the control
and regulation of the community
or state through the exercise of
the constitutional power of the
government.
• In a narrower sense,
What is Police? POLICE denotes the
constitutionally created agency
that exercises the power of the
government concerning the
maintenance of tranquility, public
order, peace, security of person
and property and the protection
of public health and morale.
• In a very restricted sense, POLICE refers to that
organization of armed men, which is actually an
institution that is capable of exercising legally mandated
duties to enforce the law, maintain public order, and
detect and prevent crimes.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

• The term Law Enforcement Agency is broader, that includes other agencies under the
executive branch of the government in charge with the execution or enforcement of laws.

DIFFERENT POLICE ACTIVITIES

Prevention of crime is intended to prevent root causes of crime.
Repression or suppression of crime is done to reduce the opportunity of committing a crime
like the act of conducting patrol.
Apprehending offenders is also known as arresting offenders.
Conduct search and seizure;
Investigation of crime; and
Protection of lives and property.
THE EVOLUTION OF
POLICING SYSTEM The creation of police force as a protective and law
enforcement organization developed from the use of
The term police came from military bodies as guardians of the peace such as the
the Greek word POLITEIA PRAETORIAN GUARD of ancient Rome.
(government of a city), The Romans achieved a high level of law enforcement,
which was used to describe which remained in effect until the decline of the empire
the group of civil officers and the onset of the Middle Ages. Beginning in the 5th
governing the city and not century, policing became a function of the heads of
necessarily the armed fiefdoms and principalities.
guarding or policing the
city when the Romans 1. ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD OF POLICING SYSTEM (Ancient
England)
conquered the Greeks, the
During the Anglo-Saxon period in England, the
changed the word slightly
practiced policing systems compared with the present
to POLITIA. Philippine Policing system, are the following:
The French changed the
word to POLICE and used it a. THANES POLICING SYSTEM
to those authorized people • King Alfred the great introduced a type of internal
who actually enforce the police force where landowners (known Thanes) throughout
law. The English and the his kingdom were responsible to police their own territory.
Americans borrowed the As such the landowners are empowered to arrest offenders
and deliver them to the king. They were also empowered
word from the French and
to settle civil litigations.
Note: The Thanes Policing System is not
being followed at present in the Note: Frankpledge Policing System is not being
Philippines because landowners are not followed at present in the Philippines because a
empowered to settle civil litigations. person may become a policeman only if he
They are however conduct arrest under reaches the age required and not all male
any of the circumstances of warrantless residents are required to do police works.
arrest.
c. TUN POLICING
b. FRANKPLEDGE System • Tun was the forerunner of the word
• Policing was carried out under a “town”.
system called frankpledge or mutual • Under this system, all male residents
pledge, whereby every male over 12 were required to guard the town to preserve
years old join nine (9) of his neighbors peace and order, protect the life and properties
to form a Tythingmen. of the people and other factors that disturbs the
peace and order.
TYTHINGMEN – a group of men whose
duty was to apprehend any person who Note: Tun Policing System is not being followed
offends another and deliver that at present because not all residents are required
offender for trial. to do police works.

• Anyone who failed to join and

perform this obligatory duty was
severely fined. Thus, policing
d. HUE AND CRY
• In this system, e. ROYAL JUDGE System
the complainant or • The royal judge conducted criminal investigation and
victim goes to the gave punishment fitted to the crime committed.
middle of the • This practice started the identification of criminals.
community and shout
to call all male
residents to assemble. Note: At present in the Philippines, the Royal Judge is not being
• The victim followed because our judges do not conduct criminal
reports his complaint to investigations, they only conduct trial to determine whether the
the assembly. accused is guilty or not guilty and impose the proper penalty in
Consequently, all the case of conviction.
male residents will go
after the criminal and f. TRIAL BY ORDEAL
apprehend him. • A suspect was required to place his hands over boiling
water or oil.
Note: The Hue and Cry • If he would not get hurt, he will be acquitted but when
Policing System is not hurt, he would be considered guilty.
being followed at • Double jeopardy was prevalent during this period.
present because our DOUBLE JEOPARDY- the prosecution of a person twice for the
sense of obligation to same offense.
assemble and arrest
the perpetrator, even if Note: At present, The Trial by Ordeal is not also being followed
because we all know that anyone who puts his hand in boiling
2. NORMAN PERIOD OF POLICING (1066-1285) b. KEEPERS OF PEACE
a. SHIRE-REEVE System • The keepers of
• When King William Norman became the peace was a
ruler of England, he divided his kingdom into 55 proclamation issued by
military districts known as the Shire-Reeves. King Richard of England
• SHIRE means a district while REEVE means in 1195 requiring the
the ruler who made laws, pass judgment and appointment of knights
impose punishment. to maintain peace and
• He was assisted by a group of constables, order at the place where
the forerunner of the constabulary. the king is residing. The
• The term Shire-Reeve eventually became knights were posted on
Sheriff, the title of the chief of constables or police bridges and gates to
officers in a certain town. check the people
• The TRAVELLING JUDGE was held entering and leaving the
responsible in deciding cases that were taken from town or cities.
Shire-Reeves due to some abuses.
Note: At present in the
Note: In the Philippines at present, no single person Philippine setting, the
is authorized to make laws, render judgment and President is guarded by a
impose penalties at the same time. The act of special unit called the
making laws is within the exclusive power of the Presidential Security
legislative branch of the government and the act of Group.
rendering judgment and imposing penalties is the
c. LEGIS HENRIE
e. June 15, 1215
• This law was enacted during
• Magna Carta (Great Charter) was sealed by
the time of King Henry I, which
King John of England.
imposed the following -features:
• This became a law upon the demand of the
1. Law violations were
Knights of the Round Table. The knights forced King
classified as offenses against the
John to sign the document, which declared the
King.
following:
2. Policemen became public
1) No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned,
officials.
disposed, outlawed, or bowed except by legal
3. The police and the citizens
judgment of his peers.
have the broad power to arrest.
4. Grand Jury was created to
inquire on the facts of the law. 2) No person should be tried for murder unless
there is proof of the body of the victim.
3) There should be national and local government
d. 1195 as well as the national and local legislation.
• King Richard of England
issued a proclamation entitled
KEEPERS OF THE PEACE.
• Requiring the appointment
of Knights to keep the King’s peace
by standing as guards on bridges
and gates while checking the people
 3. DURING THE WESTMINSTER PERIOD d. STAR CHAMBER COURT
a. STATUTE OF WINCHESTER (1285) • Established as special
• Was enacted for law and order. court that tried offenders against
• This law introduced the system of WATCH the state.
AND WARD.
4. MODERN PERIOD OF POLICING
b. STATUTE OF 1295 Policing system during the
• Began the closing of the gates of London Modern Period (17th-19th
during sunset. century) in England.
• This started the observation of curfew 1. KING CHARLES II of
hours. England - passed a law in 1663
that provided for the employment
c. JUSTICE OF THE PEACE of NIGHT WATCHMEN or BELLMEN
• A position given to a respected citizen, who to be on duty from sunset to
has the power to arrest, pursue and imprison the sunrise.
offenders.
2. HENRY FIELDING (1748)
Note: In the Philippine setting, the persons given • Became the Chief Magistrate
the right to conduct arrest and imprison offenders at Bow Street in London.
are known as Police Officers. • He organized a group of men
known as BOW STREET RUNNERS
(thief catchers).
 • He later formed the BOW STREET HORSE 5. AMERICAN POLICE SYSTEM
PATROL whose duty was to patrol the main roads 1. Policing system in America
thus secure the travelers from highwaymen or followed the model developed in
highway bandits. England.
• New York, Boston and
3. SIR ROBERT PEEL (1829) Philadelphia organized their night
• Established the LONDON METROPOLITAN watchmen, which was similar to
POLICE, which became the world’s first modern the bellmen created in London
organized police force. It was later called during the reign of King Charles II.
SCOTLAND YARD. • These night watchmen
• The development of the British police were known as RATTLEWATCH
system is especially significant because the because they carried rattles while
pattern that emerged not only became a model for on duty to inform the public of
the American police system but also had great their watchful presence.
influence on the style of policing in almost all
industrial societies.
• Peel earned the title – THE FATHER OF
MODERN POLICING SYSTEM.

4. 1811, FRANCE: EUGENE “FRANCOIS” VIDOCQ

• Established a squad of ex-convicts to aid
the Paris Police in investigating crimes.
• He worked under the theory of “Set a thief
2. Development of American municipal (rural and city) police force
a. In 1638, night watch was initiated in Boston, Massachusetts.
b. In 1658, rattle-watch was organized in New York.
c. Nigh-watch started in Philadelphia in 1700.
d. In 1722, New Haven had a police regulation that “No watchman will have the liberty to sleep”.
e. In 1800, it became a government policy that able-bodied males over 16 years old were required to
serve without pay.
f. 1833 was the advent of daytime police with pay.
g. New York City police began to adopt a full police uniform in 1856.

3. Development of State Police Force in America

a. Texas Rangers were organized in 1835.
b. In 1865, Massachusetts organized a police force of state constables.
c. The Pennsylvania State Police came into existence in 1905.

4. Development of US Federal Police Force

a. In 1829, Post Office Inspection System began.
b. Investigation on crimes against the government started in 1861.
c. Detective forces were formed sometime in 1868 to investigate problems on revenue services,
immigration and smuggling.
d. In 1895, Federal government attention focused on lotteries, drug regulations and transportation
regulations.
e. Anti-White Slavery Act and Motor Vehicle Act were enacted in 1910.
f. In 1934, National Kidnapping Act, Banking Act, and Racketeering Act were passed by the United
6. EVOLUTION OF POLICE SERVICE IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING

A. Policing System during the Spanish Regime.

• The police force during the Spanish Regime was considered as part of the military
system by the Spanish government.
• The locally organized police forces, although performing civil duties and seemingly
created for the sole purpose of maintaining peace, were in fact directly commanded by the
colonial military government.
• Police forces organized during the Spanish regime were:

1. CARABINEROS DE SEGURIDAD PUBLICO (Mounted Police)

• Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying out the policies of the Spanish
government.
• The members were armed and considered as the mounted police. Later, they
discharged the duties of a port, harbor, and river police.

2. GUARDRILLEROS
• A body of rural police organized in each town that was created by the Royal decree of
January 8, 1836.
• This police force was composed of 5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each
town or province, and each member should serve for at least 3 years.
3. GUARDIA CIVIL
• The police organization created by the Royal Decree issued by the Spanish Crown government
on February 12, 1852.
• It relieved the Spanish Peninsular Troops of their works in policing towns.
• It consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial capitals
of the central provinces of Luzon under the command of Alcalde (Governor).

B. During the Japanese Occupation

1. The Japanese Military Police, known as KEMPETAI were held responsible in maintaining peace
and order in Manila and adjacent urban areas.
2. Kempetai ruled the urban areas until Gen. Douglas McArthur returned on February 7, 1945.
3. The Manila Police Department, which was created during the first American occupation, was
renamed into Metropolitan Constabulary under the Bureau of Constabulary.
C. Police service during American Occupation until the World War II broke out
The first American occupation in the Philippines that came after the Filipino-American War (1898 to
1901) was followed by a period of political turmoil and social imbalance.

1. INSULAR POLICE FORCE

• Established on November 30, 1890 during the Filipino-American war (1898-1901) upon the
recommendation of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War.

2. INSULAR CONSTABULARY
• Created on July 18, 1901 by virtue of Act No. 175 titled as “An Act Providing for the
Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary”.

3. MANILA POLICE DEPARTMENT (MPD)

• Organized on July 31, 1901 by virtue of Act Nr. 183 of the Philippine Commission.
• The 1st Chief of Police was Capt. George Curry, a US Army officer appointed by the TAFT
COMMISSION on August 7, 1901.
• Capt. Columbus Piatt was the last American COP of MPD before WW II broke out.
4. October 3, 1901
• The Insular Constabulary was changed to PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY (PC) by virtue of Act No.
255.
• Brig/Gen. Henry T. Allen was the 1st Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.
He was the PC Chief from 1901 to 1907 such that he was called as the Father of Constabulary in the
Philippines.

5. REVISED ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 1917

• Was approved a year before World War I (August 1914 to November 1918) ended.
• In Section 825 of this law, it stated that the Philippine Constabulary is a national police
institution for preserving the peacekeeping order and enforcing the law.
• Brig/Gen. Rafael Crame became the first Filipino Chief of Police.
• He served
6. The Revised as Code
Penal the PCofChief from 1917-1927.
the Philippines (Act No. 3815) took effect on January 1, 1932.

7. November 1938
• Act No. 181 required the creation of a Bureau of Investigation.
• This agency should be the modification of the Division of Investigation from the Department
of Justice.
• Finally, on June 19, 1947, Republic Act Nr. 157 was enacted which created the National
Bureau of Investigation.
Col. Antonio C. Torres – The 1st Filipino COP when Manila Police Department became an all Filipino
police organization; declared Manila as an open city when World War II broke-out in 1941; during the
World War II, Manila police was placed again under the American control.
Col. Marcus Ellis Jones – A U.S. Provost Marshall who was named as MPD COP just after the Manila
Liberation.
Col. Lamberto T. Javalera – the 1st Filipino COP of MPD appointed by Pres. Roxas under the Republic
Government.
D. After the World War II, what laws were enacted relevant to the development of police service in the
Philippines?
1. In 1960, Republic Act No. 2678 was enacted and this law provided the expansion and
reorganization of the NBI. This law established that the NBI is both an investigative and research
service agency.

2. On January 1, 1964, the RULES OF COURT took effect. This procedural law was construed in order
to promote the broad objective of the criminal justice system and to assist the parties in obtaining
just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every legal action and proceeding.

3. On September 18, 1966, Republic Act No. 4864 otherwise known as POLICE ACT OF 1966 was
enacted. The law created the office of the POLICE COMMISSION (which was later called National
Police Commission) under the Office of the President. Originally, the POLCOM was created as a
supervisory agency to the PC. Its function was to oversee the training and professionalization of the
local police forces. Through this law, reformation and professionalization of the police service gained
official recognition.
4. On August 8, 1975, Presidential Decree No. 765 was enacted and stipulated that the Office of the
NAPOLCOM should be under the office of the Ministry of National Defense. It defined also the
relationship between the Integrated National Police and the Philippine Constabulary. This was in
compliance with the provision of Section 12, Article 15 of the 1973 Philippine Constitution.

5. On December 13, 1990, Republic Act No. 6975 was approved by then President Corazon Aquino.
This law was known as the DILG Act of 1990 but it was also recognized later as the PNP Law of 1991.
This law created the Philippine National Police and declared it to be the only police force of the country
with national in scope and civilian in character.

6. On February 25, 1998, Republic Act No. 6975 provisions concerning the PNP were amended when
President Fidel Ramos approved Republic Act Nr. 8551. Republic Act Nr. 8551, known as the PNP
Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, reorganized the PNP for the purpose of reforming and
professionalizing it.
7. RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998,
enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975

8. RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational
qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August
2009
“AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH THE
MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
(PNP) AND ADJUSTING THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE PERTINENT
PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

9. REPUBLIC ACT 9263 (2004) - It is known as Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail
management and Penology (BJMP) Professionalization Act of 2004. It revised some provisions of
Republic Act 6975 especially those pertaining to BFP and BJMP

IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING

• BRIG GEN RAFAEL CRAME
- the first Filipino chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917

• COL ANTONIO TORRES

- the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila Police Department in 1935

• COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA

- the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine Independence
from the United States of America in 1946

• P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO

- the first chief of the Philippine National Police
 CHAPTER 2
(CONCEPTS, THEORIES & PRINCIPLES OF MODERN POLICING)

Concepts of Modern Policing (Sir Robert Peel)

The police should be organized along military lines.
a. The police should be place under screening and training.
b. The police should be hired on a probationary basis.
c. The police should be deployed by time and by area.
d. Police headquarters should be accessible to the people.
e. Police-Record keeping is essential.

General Concept of Police Service

1. Old Concept
Police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery. This philosophy
advocates that the measurement of police competence is the increasing number of arrests, throwing
offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to prevent them from committing crimes.
Punishment is the role instrument of crime control-throwing more people to jail rather than keeping
them out of jail.
2. New or Modern Concept
Regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention.
The yardstick of efficiency of the police is the absence of crime or decreasing number of crimes. Its
objective is the welfare of the people and the society.

The Principles of Law Enforcement enunciated by Sir Robert Peel

a. Prevention of Crime is the basic mission of the police.
b. Police must have the full respect of the citizenry.
c. A citizen’s respect for law develops his respect for the police.
d. Cooperation of the public decreases as the use of force increases.
e. Police must render impartial enforcement of the law.
f. Physical force is used only as a last resort.
g. The police are the public and the public are the police.
h. The police represent the law.
i. The absence of crime and disorder is the test of police efficiency.
The Principles of Police Organization
Hierarchy of authority entails the superior-subordinate relationship throughout the
department, wherein a superior officer supervises each individual.

Principles of Hierarchy of Authority

a.Span of Control refers to the number of officers or subordinates that a superior
supervises without regard to the effectiveness or efficiency of the supervision.
b.Unity of Command refers to placing one and only one superior in command or in
control of every situation and every employee.
c. Delegation of Authority is the assignment of tasks, duties, and responsibilities to
subordinates while at the same time giving them the power or right to control,
command, make decisions, or otherwise act in performing the delegated
responsibilities.
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
1. Continental Theory
Policemen are considered as state or servants of the higher authority. The people have little or no
share of all their duties, nor any direct connection with the police organization.

2. Home Rule Theory

Policemen are considered servants of the community who depend for the effectiveness of their
functions upon the express wishes of the people. Policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the
preservation of public peace and security.

POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

ORGANIZATION
 A group of persons working together for a common goal or objective. It is an association or group
of individuals with a common goal. It is the structuring of individuals and functions into productive
relationships. It is either formal or informal organizations. It is also a form of human association
for the attainment of a goal or objective.
FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS
 Are those with a system of coordinated activities, a group of people, authority and leadership and
cooperation towards a goal.
INFORMAL ORGANIZATION
 An indefinite and structure less organization that has no definite subdivisions comprises by
unconscious groups of feelings, passion and activities of individuals. Unplanned system of the
activities and interactions of participants.
TITLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS

A. FUNCTIONAL UNITS

1. Bureau – largest organic unit within a large department

2. Division – a primary sub-division of a bureau
3. Section – functional unit within a division – this is necessary for specialization
4. Units – functional groups within a section
A. TERRITORIAL UNITS

1. Posts
 A fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty such as designated desk or office.
 An intersection or cross work form of traffic duty
 A spot or location for general guard duty

2. Route
 A length of street/s designated for patrol purposes
 It is called Line Beat
3. Beat
 An area assigned for patrol purposes either on foot or motorize
4. Sector
 An area containing two or more beats, routes or post
5. District
 A geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes usually with its own station
6. Area
 A section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated districts
A. TIME UNITS

1. Watch or Shift
 A time division of the day for purposes assignment

2. Platoon
 Composed of several squads usually commanded by a Lieutenant may serve the entire city or
district.
 Divisions that have personnel on duty for more than shift divide them into platoons on the basis of
hours of the day
TRADITIONAL they are on THEORY
ORGANIZATION
1. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATION – by Frederick Taylor
 Emphasis on planning, standardizing, and improving human effort in the operational level of the
organization

2. GENERAL MANAGEMENT THEORY – by Henri Fayo

 Emphasis on the elements of planning, organizing, command, coordination and control.
3. BUREAUCRATIC MODEL OF ORGANIZATION – by Max Weber
 Emphasis on the characteristics of bureaucracy
a. Division of labor
b. Centralization of authority
c. Rational program of personnel administration
d. Rules and regulation
e. Written records

4. THE SCIENCE OF ADMINISTRATION – by Luther Gulick and Lyndal Urwick

Emphasis on the principles of:
1) PLANNING
- the determination in advance of how the objectives of the organization will be attained
- is the process of selecting goals and determining how to achieve them.
- the process of setting performance objectives and identifying the actions needed to accomplish
them
- working out in broad outline the things that need to be done and the methods for doing them to
accomplish the purpose set for the enterprise
2) ORGANIZING
- involves the determination and allocation of the men and women as well as the resource of an
organization to achieve pre-determined goals or objectives of the organization
- the process of dividing the work to be done and coordinating results to achieve a desired purpose
- establishment of the formal structure of authority through which work subdivisions are arranged,
defined and coordinated for the desired objectives
- is the process of making an organization fit with its objectives, resources and environment.
3) DIRECTING
- involves the overseeing and supervising of the human resources and the various activities in an
organization to achieve through cooperative efforts the pre-determined goals or objectives of the
organization
- also called leading, the process of directing and coordinating the work efforts of other people to help
them accomplish important task
- task of making decisions and embodying them in specific and general orders and instructions
- is the process of giving orders, commands, directives, or instructions to personnel in order to rule
them in accomplishing the goals or objectives of an organization.
 CONTROLLING
- involves the checking or evaluation and measurement of work performance and comparing it with
planned goals or objectives of the organization, and making the necessary corrective actions so that
work is accomplished as planned
- the process of monitoring performance, comparing results to objectives and taking corrective action
as necessary
- also called supervising

5) STAFFING
- the task of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the right men for the right job
- involves good selection and processing of reliable and well-trained personnel
- filling the organization with the right people in the right position
THE FOLLOWING ARE DIFFERENT STAFFING ACTIVITIES:
 RECRUITMENT - refers to the set of activities and processes
used to legally obtain a sufficient number of right people for
specific positions.
 SELECTION - is the process of choosing from among the
candidates the most suitable person for the current position or
for future position.
 APPRAISAL - is the process of measuring performance
 TRAINING - is the act of improving the ability required in the
current job
 DEVELOPMENT - is the act of improving the ability required in
the future job.
WHAT IS THE NEXT-IN-RANK-RULE IN RELATION TO SELECTION?

The next in rank rule states that the appointing authority must prioritize the selection of next in rank
filling up a vacant position. This rule is not, however, absolute. The appointing authority may still
appoint any other person aside from the next in rank provided he must state the reason of not
complying with said rule.
6) COORDINATING
- is the manner of integrating the different element within and outside of an organization into a
harmonious relationship.

7) REPORTING
- the making of detailed account of activities, work progress, investigations and unusual in order to
keep every one informed or what is going on

8) RECORDING
- is the system of classifying and compiling written communications going inside and going outside
of an organization
9) BUDGETING
- the forecasting in detail of the results of an officially recognized program of operations based
on the highest reasonable expectations of operating efficiency

THE PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION – by Mooney and Reiley

 Mooney and Reiley identified coordination as the preeminent element of organizational designs.
Thus, coordination is the mother of principles.

POLICE ADMINISTRATION
Police in action. It is the cooperative human effort to achieve the purposes of the criminal
justice system. It refers also to the study of the processes and condition of Law Enforcement as a pillar
of justice.
FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1) PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS
- functions that carry out the major purposes of the organization, delivering the services and dealing
directly with the public
- the backbone of the police department
- examples of the line functions of the police are patrolling, traffic duties, crime investigation

2) STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- functions that are designed to support the line functions and assist in the performance of the line
functions
- examples of the staff functions of the police are planning, research, budgeting and legal advice

3) AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
- functions involving the logistical operations of the organization
- examples are training, communication, maintenance, records management, supplies and equipment
management
ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

OPERATIONAL UNITS
- those that perform primary or line functions
- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice control

ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
- those that perform the administrative functions
- examples are personnel, finance, planning and training

SERVICE UNITS
- those that perform auxiliary functions
- examples are communication, records management, supplies
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
It is a mechanical means of depicting by an arrangement of symbols, the relationship
that exist between individuals, groups, and functional relationships between groups and individuals are
clearly defined to ensure accountability and compliance.
Types of Organization Structures

A. LINE ORGANIZATION
- often called the individual, military, or departmental type of organization
- it is the simplest and oldest type of organizational structure channels of authority
and responsibility extend in a direct line from top to bottom within the structure.
- depicts the line functions of the organization
- orders or commands must come from the higher level of authority before it can be
carried out
- involves few departments
LINE
ORGANIZATION
ADVANTAGES:
1. Simple
2. Division
3. Each unit completely controlled
4. Direct responsibility and accountability
5. Quick decisions because of direct lines of
authority

DISADVANTAGE:
Impractical
B. FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
Functional organization divides responsibility and authority
between several specialists, such as a person responsible for all
training, an employee directing the community relations activities
of all units, or a person handling cases involving all juvenile
activities.
The functional responsibility of a commander is limited to the
particular activity over which he has control.
depicts staff functions of the organization
responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all
accountable to the authority above
 FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Chief of Police

Personnel Training J uvenile Traffic

Community Relation

Line Officers and Employees

C. LINE AND STAFF ORGANIZATION

The line and staff organization is the combination of line and

functional types and is found in almost all police agencies today.

It combines staff specialist with line organization so that service of

knowledge can be provided line personnel by specialists such as
criminalist training officers and intelligence specialist.

Channels or responsibility and authority are left intact since the

specialist provides expertise while the line does the task. Specialist
only give advises not commands.
Generally more formal in nature and has many departments
LINE AND STAFF ORGANIZATION
The Philippine National Police follow the line and staff kind of organizational structure.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
- an illustration in the form of a chart which represents the organizational structure
- the mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement of symbols, the relationships that exist
between individuals, groups and functional relationships between groups and individuals clearly
defined to ensure accountability and compliance

ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES

FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION

1) AUTHORITY
- the supreme source of government for any particular organization
- the right to exercise, to decide and to command by virtue of rank and position

2) MUTUAL COOPERATION
- an organization exists because it serves a purpose
3) DOCTRINE
- provides for the organization’s objectives
- provides the various actions, hence, policies, procedures, rules and regulations of the
organization are based on the statement of doctrines

4) DISCIPLINE
- comprising behavioral regulations

COMMAND AND STAFF PRINCIPLES

COMMANDER – he exercise command authority and responsibility over subordinates by virtue

of his rank and assignment, he discharge his responsibilities through a chain of command
COMMANDER AUTHORITY – this provides the commander with right to plan, organize, direct,
coordinate, and control PNP forces or units in order to accomplish an assigned mission or task
COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY – commander is responsible for all that his unit does or fails to
do. He alone answers for the success or failure of his command
STAFF – issue orders in the name of commander, provides information to commander, offices,
other agencies and units. Make estimates of the situation, recommendation, preparing plans and