IELTS MasterClass 7 - Advanced 1

Reading Skills:
Matching sentence endings and
Summary completion

Outline:
- Link ideas; Paraphrase - Summary completion
- Matching sentence - Academic nouns
endings
1
Aims By the end of this lesson,
you will be able to:

● Link ideas and paraphrase statements in the

test questions to locate information in the reading
text more easily
● Practice reading task questions: Matching
sentence endings and Summary completion
● Analyze helpful language in a reading passage
● Understand the meaning of some academic nouns

2
Overview
What are you Pre-
reading • Link ideas; Paraphrase
going to learn?

Test
strategies • Matching sentence endings
and Summary completion

Test • Matching sentence endings

practice and
• Summary completion
Language
developme • Academic nouns
nt

Reflection • Key takeaways

3
Lead-in

Warm-up
Read about the unique
forms of transport above. Coco Taxi
Tangah
• Have you ever been on
You’ll find Coco Taxis in Hop into a Tangah if you want to save
any of these forms of
Havana in Cuba. They some money in Pakistan. This cheap form
transport? of transport sits on wheels and is pulled by
are fast and the fare
• Which one would you can be negotiated. a horse.
most like to go on?
• How practical do you
think these forms of
transport are?
(comfortable,
convenient, eco-friendly,
cheapest, etc.)
• Are there any unique
forms of transport in Matatu
your country? Dubai
Kenya’s Matatus are privately
Trolley owned minibuses. You never know
The Dubai Trolley is the first tram in
the world to be powered by when one will arrive, or where it will
hydrogen. When finished, the line stop. But you can be sure it will
will stretch 7 km. blare out loud music! 4
Pre-reading
Discussion

What are the advantages

and disadvantages of living
in an urban environment?
Urban environment or an
urban area is an area with an
increased density of human-
created structures in
comparison to the areas
surrounding it.

5
 Question 1. Amit Bhatt eventually obtained support for Raahgiri Day even though he
Pre-reading
Link ideas; 1. Bhatt was keen to continue with his project so that young people could
benefit from travelling by bike.
Paraphrase
2. Bhatt found it difficult to get his ideas accepted at first but he succeeded in
Use the handout. the end.
Look at the highlighted
words in Question 1 of the 3. Bhatt wanted to solve Gurgaon’s traffic problem by banning cars
test task and use them to permanently from the city centre.
locate the section of the
passage which will give you A. drew attention to the dangers posed by motorists.
the answer.
B. ignored the rules of the road for pragmatic reasons.
• Which of the options is the
best summary of the C. had to deal with initial resistance from the local authorities.
section?
• Which of the endings in the D. hoped a traffic-free environment would develop a sense of
test task (A-G) is most community.
similar to your summary?
Identify the paraphrases in E. had roots in a similar project in a different part of the world.
the options which helped
you. F. would prefer to use an alternative method of transport.

G. chose not to leave home unnecessarily at busy times.

6
 Question 1. Amit Bhatt eventually obtained support for Raahgiri Day even though he
Pre-reading
Link ideas; 1. Bhatt was keen to continue with his project so that young people could
benefit from travelling by bike.
Paraphrase
2. Bhatt found it difficult to get his ideas accepted at first but he succeeded in
Use the handout. the end.
Look at the highlighted
words in Question 1 of the 3. Bhatt wanted to solve Gurgaon’s traffic problem by banning cars
test task and use them to permanently from the city centre.
locate the section of the
passage which will give you However, from the outset, convincing officials of the effectiveness of this
the answer. approach proved to be somewhat challenging: “This won’t work here,”
one told Mr Bhatt when he proposed the Raahgiri and other alternatives
• Which of the options is the
best summary of the
to make Gurgaon’s streets more pedestrian-friendly. Bhatt persisted in
section? trying to convince them and finally succeeded after 200 schoolchildren
cycled up to the city administration’s headquarters to demonstrate
• Which of the endings in the
test task (A-G) is most public support.
similar to your summary? (Paragraph 2)
Identify the paraphrases in
the options which helped Ending: Option C; suggested answer: had to deal with initial [outset]
you. resistance [challenging] from the local authorities [officials].

7
Pre-reading
Word families Noun Verb
implementation 1. implement
Complete the table with the
correct verb form of the _____________________
invest
noun. investment 2. distribute
_____________________
expand
distribution 3.
maintain
_____________________
expansion 4. compensate
_____________________
maintenance 5.
Knowledge of word families helps you build vocabulary. Instead of
_____________________
memorizing the spellings and meanings of all words, you learn how to
spot patterns, identify root words, and6.
comprehension understand their common
meanings or sounds. This helps in word recognition leading to the
_____________________
development of your reading fluency.

8
Test strategies
Matching sentence
endings and Summary
completion 1. reading the subtitle and skimming the
Which of these strategies passage quickly looking for topicCsentences
can help you with the
following tasks: A
2. predicting what comes next
A. matching sentence C
endings 3. using clues to find the relevant place in the

B. summary completion passage

C
C. both 4. scanning the passage C

5. looking for paraphrases

9
 Test practice Questions 1-5
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G,
Matching sentence below.
endings 1. Amit Bhatt eventually obtained support for Raahgiri Day even
Use the handout. though he E
2. The concept for what became Raahgiri Day D
Complete the test task.
3. As well as the desire to improve people’s health, Gil Penalosa
F
• Please spend 10 minutes 4. Rather than having the stress of B
driving in the city, many people
doing the test task. 5. Casey Neistat was fined because he

A. drew attention to the dangers posed by motorists.

B. ignored the rules of the road for pragmatic reasons.
C. had to deal with initial resistance from the local authorities.
D. hoped a traffic-free environment would develop a sense of
community.
E. had roots in a similar project in a different part of the world.
F. would prefer to use an alternative method of transport.
G. chose not to leave home unnecessarily at busy times.
10
 Test practice
Matching sentence 2. The concept for what became Raahgiri Day
endings → E. had roots in a similar project in a different part of the world.
Use the handout.

Complete the test task. The inspiration for Bhatt’s idea stemmed from hearing about Bogota’s
“Ciclovía,” during which Colombia’s capital closes 120km of streets on
• Please spend 10 minutes Sundays and holidays. It was spearheaded by Gil Penalosa, the former
doing the test task. parks commissioner in Bogota, who describes the implementation of the
Ciclovía Project as “a major initiative to encourage large numbers of the
population to become more active and physically fit.” Indeed, in a 2009
survey, it was revealed that 42% of adults did as much exercise during a
Bogota Ciclovía as the World Health Organization recommends in a
week. A further goal was to create an urban centre where “thousands of
people of all ages, levels of ability and ethnic, economic or social
backgrounds enjoy the presence of each other and feel a sense of
belonging.” In the same way, Gurgaon, dominated by condominiums
and extensive segregated private properties, uses Raahgiri Day to
promote integration and provide residents with an opportunity to
Similar project
connect - Bogota’s
with other people“Ciclovía in Colombia – different part of the world
in the area.
11
 Test practice
Matching sentence 3. As well as the desire to improve people’s health, Gil Penalosa
endings → D. hoped a traffic-free environment would develop a sense of
Use the handout. community.
the desire to improve people’s health

Complete the test task. The inspiration for Bhatt’s idea stemmed from hearing about Bogota’s
“Ciclovía,” during which Colombia’s capital closes 120km of streets
• Please spend 10 minutes on Sundays and holidays. It was spearheaded by Gil Penalosa, the
doing the test task. former parks commissioner in Bogota, who describes the
implementation of the Ciclovía Project as “a major initiative to
encourage large numbers of the population to become more active
and physically fit.” Indeed, in a 2009 survey, it was revealed that 42%
of adults did as much exercise during a Bogota Ciclovía as the World
Health Organization recommends in a week. A further goal was to
create an urban centre where “thousands of people of all ages, levels
of ability and ethnic, economic or social backgrounds enjoy the
presence of each other and feel a sense of belonging.” In the same
way, Gurgaon, dominated by condominiums and extensive
segregated private properties, uses Raahgiri Day to promote
sense of belonging-
integration and providesense of community
residents with an opportunity to connect with
other people in the area. 12
 Test practice
Matching sentence 4. Rather than having the stress of driving in the city, many people
endings → F. would prefer to use an alternative method of transport.
Use the handout.

Complete the test task. The International Transport Forum predicts that by 2050 the world’s
roads will be required to cope with 2.5 billion cars, three times as
• Please spend 10 minutes many as today, in urban areas which are already chronically
doing the test task. overcrowded. In the face of growing concern, proposals have been
submitted by transport planners to help resolve the issue: plans
include converting city centres into pedestrian precincts, closing
roads to cars at weekends and charging motorists a fee to take a car
into town centres. Improvements to the public transport system,
including rapid bus lanes and subways, have also played their part.
However, it is the implementation of new regulations and measures
to encourage safer and slower driving which has led to a significant
proportion of people opting to walk or cycle in preference to using
public transport or their own cars. Cost-benefit analyses for planned
investment in new walking and cycling pathways have included a
alternative
value method
for lives saved of
bytransport (walkinoraccidents
the reduction cycle) and all lives
prolonged through increased physical activity. 13
 Test practice
Matching sentence 5. Casey Neistat was fined because he
endings → B. ignored the rules of the road for pragmatic reasons.
Use the handout.
pragmatic reasons
Complete the test task. Cyclists and motorists have always resented sharing the road. Casey Neistat, a
New York cyclist who was made to pay a #50 penalty for not riding in a cycle
• Please spend 10 minutes lane, produced a film of himself crashing into some of the thoughtlessly parked
doing the test task. cars that so often make using the cycle lanes an impossibility. For cycling,
Amsterdam sets the pace, with over half its residents using their bikes daily. Now
other cities including London, New York, and Paris are following in its footsteps,
expanding their bike-share schemes and building new cycle lanes, some on quiet
roads with more stringent speed limits implemented for cars, others running
through central areas which separate cyclists from motorised traffic. Such
schemes are particularly popular with women, who, transport planners say, are
more apprehensive than men when it comes to sharing roads with roaring traffic
and typically make up less than a quarter of urban cyclists. With the construction
of an 80km network of separated two-way cycle lanes, their share of bicycle trips
skull
in the Spanish city of Seville rose from nearly zero to 7%. In Taipei, very few
women cycled before the introduction of its YouBike share scheme which started
six years ago; now around half of the city’s cyclists are women.
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Test practice Questions 6-9
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.
Summary completion
Cars in the city
The International Transport Forum is tackling the matter of traffic 6.
Use the handout. D
_____________ , now an issue in many of the world’s cities even before
Complete the test task. the expected three-fold rise in the number of vehicles.
H
Disincentives, such as obligatory 7. _____________ for driving in the city
• Please spend 10 minutes and restrictions on the number of available parking spaces, are
doing the test task. already encouraging people to leave their cars at home.
However, the motivation for many people to change their commuting
G
habits in and around the city is largely due to improvements aimed at
8. _____________ traffic. It is hoped that by providing funding for more
I
bike share and bike lane schemes, the 9. _____________ of the average
person will be extended.
A. permits B. lifestyle C. safety

D. congestion E. collisions F. assessing

G. calming H. payment I.
lifespan 15
 Cars in the city
Test practice The International Transport Forum is tackling the matter of traffic 6.
D. congestion, now an issue in many of the world’s cities even before
_____________
Summary completion the expected three-fold rise in the number of vehicles.
Disincentives, such as obligatoryH.7.payment
_____________ for driving in the city
and restrictions on the number of available parking spaces, are
Use the handout. already encouraging people to leave their cars at home.
Complete the test task. three-fold rise

• Please spend 10 minutes The International Transport Forum predicts that by 2050 the world’s roads will be
doing the test task. required to cope with 2.5 billion cars, three times as many as today, in urban
areas which are already chronically overcrowded. In the face of growing concern,
proposals have been submitted by transport planners to help resolve the issue:
plans include converting city centres into pedestrian precincts, closing roads to
cars at weekends and charging motorists a fee to take a car into town centres.
Improvements to the public transport system, including rapid bus lanes and
subways, have also played their part. However, it is the implementation of new
regulations and measures to encourage safer and slower driving which has led
to a significant proportion of people opting to walk or cycle in preference to
using public transport or their own cars. Cost-benefit analyses for planned
investment in new walking and cycling pathways have included a value for lives
saved by the reduction in accidents and all lives prolonged through increased
physical activity. related to
leave cars at home
(prefer to walk or payment
16
cycle)
Test practice
However, the motivation for many people to change their commuting
Summary completion habits in and around the city is largely due to improvementsG. calming
aimed at
8. _____________ traffic. It is hoped that by providing funding for more
bike share andI.bike
lifespan
lane schemes, the 9. _____________ of the average
Use the handout. person will be extended.
Many people change their safer and slower driving –
Complete the test task. commuting habits calming traffic

• Please spend 10 minutes The International Transport Forum predicts that by 2050 the world’s roads will be
doing the test task. required to cope with 2.5 billion cars, three times as many as today, in urban
areas which are already chronically overcrowded. In the face of growing concern,
proposals have been submitted by transport planners to help resolve the issue:
plans include converting city centres into pedestrian precincts, closing roads to
cars at weekends and charging motorists a fee to take a car into town centres.
Improvements to the public transport system, including rapid bus lanes and
subways, have also played their part. However, it is the implementation of new
regulations and measures to encourage safer and slower driving which has led
to a significant proportion of people opting to walk or cycle in preference to
using public transport or their own cars. Cost-benefit analyses for planned
investment in new walking and cycling pathways have included a value for lives
saved by the reduction in accidents and all lives prolonged through increased
bike share
physical and bike
activity. lifespan - fundin
lane extended g
17
Language 1. infrastructure: 7. integration:

Development A. a set of systems in place A. combining things to work effectively

B. a traditional method of building B. the fair division of resources
Academic nouns 2. implementation: 8. construction:
A. developing a plan A. a modern approach to design
For each word (1-12),
choose the closet meaning B. putting a plan into action B. the process of building houses, roads,
(A or B). etc.
3. expansion:
9. initiative:
A. a better version of something
A. a new approach to problem-solving
B. an increase in size
B. a controversial decision to delay an
4. parameter:
effect
A. a set of fixed limits
10. maintenance:
B. something which is large
A. repairs to keep things in a good
5. investment: condition
A. money given to improve something B. the movement of people in cities
B. training people to work as a team 11. co-ordination:
6. distribution: A. the flow of ideas between people
A. receiving something for free B. organising things or people
B. sharing things in a planned way 12. compensation:
A. money paid to someone for a loss
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B. the feeling of sympathy for someone
Language
Development The Brazillian city of Curtibiba has one of the best Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

systems in the world. These bus systems are comparable to subways but
Academic nouns
operate above ground. They can be cost effective because they use the
Choose the correct option in
italics to complete the text. roads of the city. This means that little 1. distribution / investment /

compensation is required from the government because the roads

provide the 2. infrastructure / construction / distribution. In the case

of Curitiba, the 3. initiative / investment / implementation of the BRT

was gradual; the city planners avoided large-scale projects. In place of

that the 4. construction / initiative / maintenance process of the BRT

comprised several small improvements. The design of the system required

the 5. implementation / co-ordination / compensation of several

departments of the city. This focus on small-scale developments and

people working together, in effect, led to the 6. distribution /

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parameter / expansion of the BRT being a complete success.
Language
Development
Academic nouns
How good is the infrastructure in the capital city of your country?

Work in pairs / small How well maintained is public transport in your country?
groups.
Answer the questions. Make
What improvements would you like to see in the next few years?
sure you use some
academic nouns.

20
Reflection

Link ideas; Paraphrase

Matching sentence endings questions rely on both grammatical accuracy

and meaning. Students should focus on understanding how different

Matching sentence reading question types work and which ones they find more difficult and
endings
Summary completion why. This will help them manage their time better in the Reading exam as

they can spend less time on challenging questions.

Academic nouns In the IELTS test, a summary may be based on the whole passage, or on

just one particular part of it.

21
Homework
Speed reading is the process of rapidly recognizing and
Complete the absorbing phrases or sentences on a page all at once,
homework quiz for rather than identifying individual words.

this lesson.

We will review your

answers in the next
lesson.

https://readspeeder.com/

22
IELTS MasterClass 7 - Advanced 1

Thank you!

Are there any

questions?

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