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Lec 04 Slipcontrol W3

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6 views17 pages

Lec 04 Slipcontrol W3

Uploaded by

Md. Habibullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EE 4237: Special Machines and AC Drives

L-4, W-3
Slip power regulation: static Kramer drive, static
Scherbius drive
[1] Primary Book Ref.: Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives by B. K. Bose

Dr. Md. Habibullah


Professor, EEE, KUET
Outline

• Slip control
• Static Resistance Control
• Static Kramer Drive
• Static Scherbius Drive

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 2


Schematic diagram of ac motor speed control using
controlled slip principle

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 3


Slip control principle
Neglecting the stator voltage drop and excitation losses, the torque of an
induction motor can be expressed as

The breakdown slip condition is obtained by differentiating T with wslip and


equating it to zero. Thus

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 4


Doubly-fed induction motor speed control by
rotor rheostat

Fig. T-S curve of motor by variable rotor


Fig. Circuit diagram
resistance

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 5


Slip energy recovery

• Recall that we can control speed using rotor


resistance
• Although this approach is very simple, it is also very
inefficient because the slip energy is wasted in the
rotor resistance.
• Oldest and simplest method
– To mechanically vary the rotor resistance (rheostat)
• In slip-ring IM
– Slip rings allow easy recovery of the slip power
which can be electronically controlled to control the
speed of the motor
EE 4237, EEE, KUET 6
Slip energy recovery (Contd...)

• Applications
– Large-capacity pumps and fan drives
– Variable-speed wind energy systems
– Shipboard VSCF (variable-speed/constant
frequency) systems
– Variable speed hydro-pumps/generators
– Utility system flywheel energy storing systems

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 7


Static Resistance Control

– An electronic chopper implementation is possible as shown


above but is equally inefficient.
– The portion of the air-gap power which is not converted into
mechanical power, is called slip power.
– The slip power is dissipated in the resistance R.
– Therefore, this control is also known as slip control by
chopper.
EE 4237, EEE, KUET 8
Static Resistance Control (Contd..)

– The resistance R between terminal A and B will be zero when


transistor is on and it will be R when it is off.
– Therefore average value of resistance between terminals is
given by

RAB 1  D  R
Where D is transistor’s duty ratio
– Power consumed by RAB

PAB I d 2 RAB I d 2 1  D  R

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 9


Static Resistance Control (Contd..)

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 10


Static Resistance Control (Contd..)

– Compared to conventional rotor resistance control, static


resistance control has several advantages
• smooth and stepless control
• Fast response
• less maintenance
• compact size
• simple closed-loop control
• rotor resistance remains balance between the three
phases for all operating points.

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 11


• Instead of wasting the slip power in the rotor circuit
resistance, a better approach is to convert it to ac line
power and return it back to the line.
• Two types of converter provide this approach:
1. Static Kramer Drive
– only allows operation at sub-synchronous speed.

2. Static Scherbius Drive


– Allows operation above and below synchronous speed

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 12


Fig. A Kramer drive using rotating machine

Book Ref.: Variable Frequency AC Motor Drive Systems by David Finney

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 13


Static Kramer Drive
Three-phase supply

Transformer
Rotor

Slip
power
Diode rectifier Controlled rectifier /
Inverter
 wound rotor output is connected to a 3-phase rectifier bridge
 The output of the bridge is connected to a fixed-frequency inverter
 Inverter’s output is connected to the primary power supply that supplies
the motor stator
 The connection from the inverter output to the primary power supply is
generally through a matching transformer
EE 4237, EEE, KUET 14
Static Scherbius Drive

Three-phase supply

Transformer
Rotor

Slip
power

Controlled rectifier Controlled rectifier

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 15


Static Scherbius Drive (Contd..)
• This drive is inherently regenerative, and the output
can be controlled up to half the supply frequency in
both phase sequences.
• It is thus possible for the system to operate as a full 4-
quadrant drive.
• For a given converter rating the range of speed control
is therefore twice that of a static Kramer drive.
• The relative complexity of the drive limits its
application to somewhat specialised high power
applications where a very limited speed range only is
required and perhaps stringent harmonic current limits
have been imposed by the supply authority.

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 16


Lecture-5, W-3
Constant flux and torque control of IM drive

Thank you

EE 4237, EEE, KUET 17

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