TO BEGIN….
Set up a new page of Cornell
notes on your next open right
page. Title it “Unit 2 Notes”
and log it into your Table of
Contents.
Using Measurements
Accuracy/Precision, Significant
Figures, Scientific Notation
Accuracy vs. Precision
accuracy ~ how close a
measurement is to the accepted
value
precision ~ how close a series of
measurements are to each other
ACCURATE = CORRECT
PRECISE = CONSISTENT
Accuracy vs. Precision
NEITHER Accurate nor
Accuracy vs. Precision
Precise but NOT Accurate
Accuracy vs. Precision
Precise AND Accurate
Percent Error
indicates accuracy of a measurement
experimental accepted
% error 100
accepted
your value
accepted value
Percent Error
A student determines the density of a
substance to be 1.40 g/mL. Find the %
error if the accepted value of the density
is 1.36 g/mL.
1.40 g/mL 1.36 g/mL
% error 100
1.36 g/mL
% error = 2.9 %
Significant Figures
indicate precision of a measurement
Recording Sig Figs
Sig Figs in a measurement include
the known digits plus a final
estimated digit
2.32 cm
Significant Figures
Counting Sig Figs Rules (CRIP
Page)
count all numbers EXCEPT:
leading zeros -- 0.0025
trailing
zeros without
a decimal point -- 2,500
Significant Figures
Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean
“Present” “Absent”
Start counting significant figures
at the first nonzero number and
don’t stop until there are no
more digits.
Significant Figures
Counting Sig Figs
Examples
1. 23.50 4 sig figs
2. 402 3 sig figs
3. 5,280 3 sig figs
4. 0.080 2 sig figs
WARMUP
Find the number of sig figs in
the following numbers:
0.0450
100.00
390
Significant Figures
Calculating with Sig Figs
Multiply/Divide ~ # with fewest
sig figs determines # of sig figs in
answer
(13.91g/cm3)(23.3cm3) = 324.103g
4 SF 3 SF
3 SF
324 g
Significant Figures
Calculating with Sig Figs
Add/Subtract ~ # with lowest
decimal value determines place of
last sig fig in answer
3.75 mL 224 X g
X mL
+ 4.1 + 13.0
0 g
7.85 mL 7.9 mL 237.0 g 237
g
Significant Figures
Calculating with Sig Figs
exact Numbers do not limit # of sig
figs in answer
counting numbers: 12 students
exact conversions: 1 m = 100 cm
“1” in any conversion: 1 mile =
1.6093 km
WARMUP
Practice Problems
1. (15.30 g) ÷ (6.4 mL)
4 SF 2 SF
= 2.390625 2.4
2 SF
g/mL
2. 18.9Xg g/mL
- 0.84 g
18.06 g 18.1 g
Scientific Notation
65,000 kg 6.5 × 104 kg
Converting into Scientific
Notation:
Move decimal until there’s 1 digit
to its left. Places moved =
exponent.
Large # (>1) positive
exponent
Scientific Notation
Practice Problems
7. 2,400,000 2.4 106 g
g 2.56 10-3
8. 0.00256 kg
0.00007 km
kg
62,000 mm
9. 7 10 -5
Scientific Notation
Calculating with Scientific
Notation 7
(5.44 × 10 g) ÷ (8.1 × 104 mol)
=
Type on your calculator:
EXP EXP EXE
5.44 7 ÷ 8.1 4
EE EE ENTER
ENTER
= 671.6049383= 670 g/mol= 6.7 × 102
g/mol
