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Moving The Body

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THU THU
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16 views34 pages

Moving The Body

Uploaded by

THU THU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Moving the body

Getting started
• Some bones protect parts of the body. Look at the diagram of the
skeleton on the next page. Which bones do you think are important
for protection? What do they protect?

• Some bones are important in movement. Which bones do you think


are important for movement?
The skeleton
• Our skeleton is inside the body

• It is made of bones (hard and strong)

• Rich in calcium (Calcium deficient –


poor bone growth)

• Bones contain living cells, so you also


need protein in the diet to build
strong bones.
The skeleton
• Animals’ bodies are supported by a skeleton

• Insects and other arthropods have a skeleton on the outside of their


body

• This is called an exoskeleton


Joints
• Bones cannot bend

• Movement in the skeleton can


only take place where two bones
meet one another

• These places are called joints


Hinge joints
• Some joints work like the hinges
on a door

• These joints let the bones move


back and forth in one direction

• These are called hinge joints


Ball and socket joints
• Some joints let the bones move in a
complete circle

• At these joints, one of the bones has


an end shaped like a ball

• The other bone has a cup, or socket,


that the ball fits into

• These are called ball-and-socket


joints
Joints in the arm
• Several different joints in arms

• These include the shoulder joint,


the elbow joint, the wrist joint
and all the joints in the fingers
Muscles
• Bones and joints cannot move
themselves

• You use muscles to move bones


at joints
Muscles
• Muscles are made of specialized cells

• These cells are able to make themselves shorter. This is called


contraction
Muscles
• Muscles use energy to contract

• Like all cells, this energy comes from nutrients, especially glucose

• The energy is released from glucose by respiration

• The more muscles contraction occurs, the more energy they use, and
therefore the more glucose they use
Muscles
• Muscles can produce a strong pulling force when they contract

• Many of our muscles are attached to bones, by tough cords called


tendons

• When the muscle contracts, it pulls on the tendon, which pulls on the
bone

• This makes the bone move at a joint


Muscles
• Biceps because it has two
tendons that attach it to the
scapula

• The longer, thinner muscle in the


diagram is the triceps
Biceps and Triceps
• The biceps is firmly fixed to the scapula at one end and the radius at
the other end

• Triceps originates from scapula and humerus , inserted into ulna


bone
Bending the elbow joint
During bending the arm
• Brain sends an electrical impulse
to biceps

• The biceps muscle respond to


this electrical impulse by
contraction (getting shorter)
Bending the elbow joint
• So when it gets shorter, these
bones are pulled closer together.
The elbow bends, as shown in
the diagram

• Triceps relaxes during bending of


arm
Straightening the elbow joint
During straightening the arm
• Triceps starts to contract

• Biceps relaxes

• Contracting triceps pulls on the


tendon, the ulna moves
downward
Important notes
• It’s important to remember that muscles can only pull (not push)

• Muscles can generate a force by getting shorter, or contracting

• But they cannot generate a force by getting longer

Muscles can only generate force when they contract, so pulling force
is only produced during contraction, not relaxation
Antagonistic muscles
the biceps muscle and the triceps muscle work as a pair

• To bend the arm, the biceps contracts and the triceps relaxes
• To straighten the arm, the triceps contracts and the biceps relaxes

Two muscles that work together like this are called antagonistic
muscles

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