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IPC - Lecture_3

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ax0980959
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Instrumentation and Process

Control
Lecture 3

Instructor:

Dr.-Ing. Ameen Shahid


Assistant Professor
Email: [email protected]
Cell#: 0336-6767894
Room#: 324, SCME

1
Feedback Control:
• Distinguishing feature: measure the controlled variable

• Advantages:
 Corrective action is taken regardless of the source of
Lecture 3

the disturbance.
 Reduces sensitivity of the controlled variable to
disturbances and changes in the process.
• Disadvantages:
 No corrective action occurs until after the disturbance
has upset the process, that is, until after x differs from
xsp.
 Very oscillatory responses, or even instability…
2
Feedforward Control:
 Distinguishing feature: measure a disturbance
variable
• Advantage:
 Correct for disturbance before it upsets the process.
Lecture 3

• Disadvantage:
 Must be able to measure the disturbance.
 No corrective action for unmeasured disturbances.

3
Closed-loop Artificial Pancreas
glucose u
setpoint
y
r
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controller pump patient sensor

measured glucose

4
Lecture 3

Controlled and manipulated variables for a typical distillation column

5
Lecture 3

6
Lecture 3

Block diagram for temperature feedback control system

7
Lecture 3

Figure 1.6 Block diagram for composition feedback control system


on Fig. 1.4.

8
Lecture 3

9
Justification of Process Control

Specific Objectives of Control


• Increased product throughput
Lecture 3

• Increased yield of higher valued products


• Decreased energy consumption
• Decreased pollution
• Decreased off-spec product
• Increased Safety
• Extended life of equipment
• Improved Operability
• Decreased production labor

10
Economic Incentives - Advanced Control
Lecture 3

11
(days-months) 5. Planning and
Scheduling

(hours-days) 4. Real-Time
Optimization

3b. Multivariable
(minutes-hours) and Constraint
Hierarchy of process
Lecture 3

Control

control activities.
(seconds-minutes) 3a. Regulatory
Control

2. Safety, Environment
(< 1 second) and Equipment
Protection

(< 1 second) 1. Measurement


and Actuation

Process 12

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