Homeostasis
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1. Define homeostasis
Homeostasis is the presence of a stable internal environment
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2. Define the following terms as they relate to homeostasis: setpoint,
stimulus, response, receptor, effector, effector response, and control
center.
3. List the steps in a feedback mechanism (loop) and explain the
function of each step.
Components of Homeostatic
Systems
Structures:
• Receptor – senses change in environment
• Control Center – receives information from
receptor, processes, sends our commands
• Effector – responds to commands with specific
action
Variables
• Stimulus – change that initiates a homeostatic
response
• Response – change that brings system back to
homeostasis. Produced by action of the effector
Stimulus and response are always numbers or
quantities
Temperature Homeostasis – Negative Feedback
Examples of variables controlled by negative feedback
loops:
• Body temperature
• Blood pH
• Blood electrolytes – sodium, potassium, calcium, others
• Blood glucose
• Blood pressure
4. Explain why negative feedback is the most common
mechanism used to maintain homeostasis.
4. Explain why negative feedback is the most common mechanism used to maintain homeostasis
Negative Feedback
• Temperature homeostasis example showed negative feedback –
effector opposes the stimulus.
• Most common feedback system in the body – returns body to
homeostasis.
• Minimizes change, but doesn’t eliminate change.
In homeostasis, conditions fluctuate within a range.
Set point - the desired value.
5. Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between
stimulus and response and describe examples of each.
Positive Feedback:
Stimulus and Systemic
Response are in the
same direction
Key Points
• Homeostasis is a stable internal environment
• Homeostasis is maintained by negative feedback mechanisms
• Positive feedback produces rapid change and is uncommon
