BBA PROJECT

REPORT
Meaning of a
Project:
The word project means something that comes before
anything else is done. . A project can be defined as a
temporary endeavor undertaken to achieve a particular aim
or it is a study of information for comprehending and
applying the various concepts of the course into practice.
In Simple Words, a Project is an Idea or a Plan that is intended
to be carried out.
The dictionary meaning of Project is that it is a Scheme of
something intended to be done ; a Proposal for an
Undertaking, design, speculative imagination etc.
In simple words, a project can be understood as mentioned under:
It is a practice of verification or demonstration of concepts or processes learnt.
It is also a technique of self-learning, learning by doing. It has a practical value.
The purpose of project is not to generalize but to study the situation with a
practical orientation.
Learners are allowed to take up any topic of their interest and choice for project
work.
A project report is a document that describes a project's objectives, milestones,
challenges, and progress. It plays a critical role in the project planning and
management process. Let's take a closer look at project reports – meaning,
types, components, and how to create one successfully.
How to Do the Project Report?

The BBA Project report must be completed by the Learners into

the Industry it can be completed by the learners as per their
area of interest.

Your project report must have a duration of 45 to 60 Days

Internship Project Report.

Where to do the Project Report?

It can be completed into the any Industry like Manufacturing,

Banking, Agriculture, E Commerce, IT etc.
 Why Selection of Project Research

How to
Topic is Important?

Select the
Research If you select the wrong research topic it
will be your waste of Time and energy

Project
and will not give any output to the
Researcher and the Society.

Report
Topic ? The topic selected for the research
project must fulfill the need of the
Industry and must add value to the
Society.
Step 1- Steps in Selection
of Research Topic
• Topic should be your OWN it should be from your Interest Area.
• Your Interest if suppose your interest area is Marketing Management and
in Marketing in Retailing and If you select a topic related to supply chain
management and Finance then you will not be able to do justice with your
research.
• After your BBA in which area / industry you want to start with your
career ? Let us take example , If some student want to start career in
retailing after your BBA then you can develop your topic for SIP around the
retailing
• Your Topic can be Consumer behavior towards organized retailing sector
Online shopping behavior of consumer
• If some students want to go in equity, then he or she should select topic
like fundamental analysis , technical analysis Therefore , my suggestion is
first figure out your plan after your BBA and select the topic in that area
Marketing Management

Interested to start career in Banking then you can select following options.
.
Research Topic
• Service Quality Assessment of Baking Services
• Customer Satisfaction about Banking Services
• Customer Expectations about Banking Services
• Study the 07 P's of Bank Comparative study of " Public Sector Bank " and
" Private Sector Bank " . .
Human Resource Management

• Interested to start career in IT / BPO / KPO then you can

select following options Research Topic
• Impact of Training and Development in IT / BPO / KPO
• Recruitment and selection process in IT / BPO / KPO
• Employee Engagement activities in IT / BPO / KPO
Employee Satisfaction in IT / BPO / KPO
• Performance Management System in IT / BPO / KPO
Financial Management

Interested to start career in Mutual Fund / Equity / Insurance

then you can select following options Research Topic
• Assess the perception of mutual fund investors on investment
pattern and preference of retail investors Risk perception and
portfolio management of equity investors.
• Financial planning for salaried employee and strategies for tax
savings
• A study on perception of investors investing in life insurance
• A study on investment pattern and preference of retail
investors
• Risk perception and portfolio management of equity investors
Step 2 Background
of Study
• Before going to understand the background of the
study we must understood What is the Aim of the
Research?
• Basically, research add values to the existing concept of
the system and science, knowledge or phenomena.
• If you are selecting the research topic where lot of
research has been done, then What are you doing you
are only revising the concept but not adding value to it.
• So, it is essential to understand the background of the
study means review of literature.
Review of literature

• If someone wants to do study on the

• Service Quality Assessment of Banking Services.
• Employee engagement activities in KPO/BPO
• A study on investment pattern and preferences of retail investors.
So if a researchers found that there is no specific work has been done on
this research then you may Find out the Research Gap i.e. Difference
between the existing level of the study and projected study or desired
research outcome.
You can do this study by referring and studying the secondary data i.e by
study of research article, research papers etc.
Step 03-Select Specific Topic/Limiting
your Scope

• After this select the specific topic

• If you want to study the " Quality of Education in India " Now this topic
is very vast
• We need to specify the topic
• Like In Education- You should only focus on Higher Education or you can
focus on only one program again you can specific topic for private
university or affiliated colleges or government colleges
• Your specific research topic can be –
• Assessments of Service quality of management education in India.
• If your research topic is related to " Employee retention strategies " We
can specify this topic with reference industry , Area
• Your specific research topic can be,
• Study of employee retention strategies of IT companies in Pune
Project Supervisor
(Guide)
Q. Who will be your project supervisor?
Ans: Projects will be carried out under the guidance of 2
guides.
FIRST GUIDE : ( INDUSTRY GUIDE) where the student is
working for his/her project.
 Person who is working in the managerial cadre in any
industry, business, IT organization etc.
(Learners are advised to send the Bio-data of Project
supervisor (Guide) to The Director for approval of guide)
 Proposal of the project

Proposal must
● Title of the ● Objective /
carry the following
project Purpose of study
information

● Chapterisation ● Conclusion
 1) Paper: A4 size Bond Paper only
for 1 hard copy & One Soft copy
in PDF format
General
2) Fonts: Times New Roman, 12
Guidelin font size, “1.5” spacing
es for
project 3) Binding: Rexin Black Bound .
Assessment of project
Report
Scheme of Assessment and Evaluation of project
Item of Assessment
 Area and topic selected for the project work
 Need of the project topic and statement of objectives of the project
work
 The educational implications and recommendations
 Preliminary pages of the project report, typing , binding and get-up of
the report
 Overall impression about the project work and its presentation in the
report format.
 Presentation
Project Submission

Soft copy of the Project is to be submitted in PDF format.

Apart from the soft copy after the completion of the entire project, every
learner has to submit 1 hard copies of the complete project report to
COL at the address mentioned below:
Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth,
Centre for Online Learning
Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri Pune 411018
Schedule of Project Report Submission

Schedule for the Project Work Submission

Sr. No. Work to be Completed Dates

1 Project Induction
16th November 2024
Finalization of the topic for the Project with the help of
2 26th November 2024
your guide
3 Objective of doing the project 30th November 2024
Research Methodology and data collection and data
4 30th November 2024 to 20th
analysis
December 2024
5 Rough draft of project
31st December 2024
Finalization of the Project (Content Checking / Letters /
6 07th January 2025
Bindings)
7 Submission of Final Project Work 15th January 2025
Selection of the Project Topic

• Student can choose a topic either from the list given

or they can have the topic of their company’s choice.
Executive Summary of the project

• Executive Summary is 3-4 pages in length. A longer summary is often

used when it contains charts or other illustrations.
• The Executive Summary should be organized according to the following
categories –
1)Project Summary,
2)Background
3)Process in short
4) Finding and Conclusions and Recommendations for Action in brief
A typical executive summary is 5-10% of the length of the report.
Additional Guidelines on Writing an
Executive Summary

• Write the executive summary after completing the

report
• Avoid using technical terminology if your audience will
include people not familiar with the topic
• Make the executive summary concise but not brusque.
Be especially careful not to omit transitional words and
phrases (such as however, moreover, therefore, for
example, and in summary)
• Introduce no information not discussed in the report.
Introduction of the Project Report

Introduction could contain the following.

1) Industry Profile, Company profile
2) Brief statement of the problem
3) Importance/novelty of the problem
4) Scope of the project - precise idea on what is to be achieved in the
work
5) Brief statements on what subsequent chapters contain.
 The aims and objectives must be selected
carefully which will decide the entire
direction of the project report.
Aims &
Objective Select minimum objectives so that it must
be practically be achieved.

s “At the conclusion of your project you will

need to assess whether or not you have
met your objectives and if not, why not”.
• Aims: Are broad statements of desired outcomes, or the general
intentions of the research, which 'paint a picture' of your research project
• Emphasize what is to be accomplished (not how it is to be accomplished)
• Address the long-term project outcomes, i.e. they should reflect the
aspirations and expectations of the research topic.
• Once aims have been established, the next task is to formulate the
objectives. Generally, a project should have no more than two or three
aims statements, while it may include a number of objectives consistent
with them.
• Objectives are subsidiary to aims and:
• Are the steps you are going to take to answer your research questions, or a
specific list of tasks needed to accomplish the goals of the project
• Emphasize how aims are to be accomplished
• Must be highly focused and feasible
• Address the more immediate project outcomes
• Make accurate use of concepts
• Must be sensible and precisely described
• Should read as an 'individual' statement to convey
Here is an example of a project aim and subsidiary objectives:
• Aim
• To critically assess the collection and disposal operations
for bulky household waste in order to identify factors,
which contribute to performance and technical efficiency.
• Objectives
• To critically assess bulky waste operations by local
authorities, including volumes/types of materials arising
and current disposal/recovery routes.
• To classify and evaluate the operation of furniture recovery
schemes nationally.
• To make recommendations to improve the operational
effectiveness of, and to maximize recovery opportunities of
bulky waste collection.
Aims and Objectives should:

Be concise and brief.

Be interrelated; the aim is what you want to achieve, and the

objective describes how you are going to achieve that aim.

Be realistic about what you can accomplish in the duration of

the project and the other commitments you have

Provide you and your supervisor(s) with indicators of how you

intend to:
 Need for and importance of project report

• Your Research Topic should be unique and must specify its unique
need with the industries.
The Preparation of a Project Report is of great significance for the
Entrepreneur in his business.

There are a variety of purposes which a Project Report or a

Business Plan will fulfill. Hence, its need in Modern Business.

These purposes of report are as follows :

 Its helps an Entrepreneur judge the profitability of a
given enterprise proposal. If it reveals a proposal to be
unviable, the Entrepreneur will avoid a grave error of
investing in an Unsound Venture.
It is the basis for a Development Bank to sanction Long
Term Financial Assistance & a Commercial Bank to
provide Working Capital Assistance
 What is research?

Research is the process of finding solutions to a

RESEARCH problem after a thorough study and analysis of
the situational factors
METHODOL
Research provides the needed information that
OGY guides managers to make informed decisions to
successfully deal with problems

The information provided could be the result of a

careful analysis of data gathered firsthand or of
data that are already available (in the company)
 •The purpose of research is to discover answers through
the application of scientific procedures.

•The objectives are:

•To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
Objective insights into it – Exploratory or Formulative Research.

s of •To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular

individual, situation or a group – Descriptive Research.
Research •To determine the frequency with which something
occurs or with which it is associated with something else
– Diagnostic Research.
•To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between
variables – Hypothesis-Testing Research.
 Characteristics of Research

Research is directed towards the solution of a problem.

Research is based upon observable experience or empirical evidence.
Research demands accurate observation and description.
Research involves gathering new data from primary sources or using existing
data for a new purpose.
Research activities are characterized by carefully designed procedures.
Research requires expertise i.e., skill necessary to carryout investigation,
search the related literature and to understand and analyze the data gathered.
Research is objective and logical – applying every possible test to validate the
data collected and conclusions reached.
Research involves the quest for answers to unsolved problems.
Research requires courage.
Research is characterized by patient and unhurried activity.
Research is carefully recorded and reported.
 CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH

 Purpose clearly defined.

 Research process detailed.
 Research design thoroughly planned.
 High ethical standards applied.
 Limitations frankly revealed.
 Adequate analysis for decision maker’s needs.
 Findings presented unambiguously.
 Conclusions justified.
 Researcher’s experience reflected.
 QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCH

• Systematic
• Logical
• Empirical
• Replicable
• Creative
• Use of multiple methods
 NEED FOR RESEARCH

♪ EXPLORATION
♪ DESCRIBE
♪ DIAGNOSE
♪ HYPOTHESIS
♪ INDUCTIONS AND DEDUCTIONS
SCOPE / SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

 RESEARCH FOR DECISION MAKING

 Throws light on risks and uncertainty

 Identify alternative courses of action

 Helps in economic use of resources

 Helps in project identification

 RESEARCH PROCESS
FF
Review the literature
FF

Review
Concepts Analyse
Design
And Collect Data
Research Interpret
Define theories Formulate Data (Test
(Including and
Research hypothesis (Execution) Hypothesis
Sample report
Problem if any)
Review Design)
F F
Previous
I Research III IV V
findings VI VII

II
F

F Feed Back
FF Feed Forward
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Literature Review is the documentation of a comprehensive review of the published and

unpublished work from secondary sources of data in the areas of specific interest to the
researcher.

• The main aim is to find out problems that are already investigated and those that need
further investigation.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• It is an extensive survey of all available past studies relevant to the field of investigation.

• It gives us knowledge about what others have found out in the related field of study and
how they have done so.
 SOURCES OF LITERATURE

• Books and Journals

• Electronic Databases
• Bibliographic Databases
• Abstract Databases
• Full-Text Databases
• Govt. and Industry Reports
• Internet
• Research Dissertations / Thesis
METHODS OF DATA
COLLECTIONS

• ⦿ Data are numerical facts. They are figures collected in a systematic

manner for a predetermined purpose. Those figures are aggregate of
facts relating to one or more phenomenon of study. It is from the data
collected that an economist study about a phenomenon and draw
conclusions.
The sources of information are
generally classified as primary or
secondary.

PRIMARY DATA
When the researcher himself is
trying to collect the data for his
particular purpose from the sources
available it becomes primary data.
⦿ Observation method
⦿ Interview method
⦿ Questionnaire
method
⦿ Schedule method
Observation method as the name
itself indicates is based on
observation.
Observation is keen and scientific
study of a problem.
For example:- in a study of consumer
behavior the investigator instead of
asking the brand of wrist watch used
by the respondent, may himself look
a the watch.
Interview method is a direct method of
collection of data, which is based on
interview. It is the most important
methods of collection of data.
Through this method we can know the
views and ideas of other persons. It s
a method of social interaction.
Interviews can be conducted
through personal and
telephone.
This is an important and very popular
method of data collection. This is
adopted by individuals, organization
and government. In this method, a
questionnaire is prepared and sent to
respondent by post. It is a set of
questions. The success of this method
depends on the proper drafting of the
questions.
 It is a proforma containing a set of questions.
This proforma is filled by enumerators who
are specially identified for the purpose. The
enumerators are persons acting under the
direction of researchers.
Requisite of a good schedule
 Accurate communication
 Schedules must be attractive
 Schedules must be attractive
 Secondary data are those data which
have collected by some other person
for their purpose and published. So a
researcher is said to make use of
secondary data if he makes use of data
already compiled by some other
person. Secondary data are in the
shape of a finished products.
Sources of secondary data may be
classified broadly as internal and
external. Internal sources of data
represents the data that are already
available with the research
organization. The information available
with outside organization are External.
There a re variety of published sources
from which one can get information for
his research work.
o Official publications of the central, state and
local governments.
o Official publication of the foreign
governments and international bodies like
UNO and its subordinate bodies.
o Technical journals, newspapers, books,
periodicals, etc.
o Publication of research organizations,
centres, institutes and reports submitted
by economists, research scholars etc.
SAMPLING

• Sampling: the process of learning about population on the basis of

sample drawn from it.
• Three elements in process of sampling:
• Selecting the sample
• Collecting the information
• Making inference about population

• Statistics: values obtained from study of a sample.

• Parameters: such values from study of population.
NEED FOR
SAMPLING
DATA
(acc. to
source)

Primary Secondar
y

1.ORIGINAL IN OBTAINED FROM

CHARACTER 1. PUBLISHED SOURCES
2. GENERATED 2.UNPUBLISHED
IN LARGE SOURCES
NO. OF
SURVEYS
 SAMPLING
METHODS

NON
PROBABILI
PROBABILIT MIXE
TY Y D

SIMPLE MULTISTA
JUDGME
RANDOM GE
NT
QUOT STRATIFIED
A RANDOM MULTIPHA
SE
CONVENIEN
SYSTEMA
CE LOT
TIC
QUALITY
SNOWBA ASSURAN
LL CLUSTE CE
R
Introduction to Data Analysis

• Why do we analyze data?

• Make sense of data we have collected

• Basic steps in preliminary data analysis

• Editing

• Coding

• Tabulating

53
Introduction to Data Analysis

• Editing of data
• Impose minimal quality standards on the raw data

• Field Edit -- preliminary edit, used to detect glaring omissions

and inaccuracies (often involves respondent follow up)
• Completeness
• Legibility
• Comprehensibility
• Consistency
• Uniformity

54
Introduction to Data Analysis

• Central office edit

• More complete and exacting edit

• Best performed by a number of editors, each looking at one

part of the data
• Decision on how to handle item non-response and other
omissions need to be made
• List-wise deletion (drop for all analyses) vs. case-wise
• deletion (drop only for present analysis)
Introduction to Data Analysis

• Coding -- transforming raw data into symbols (usually numbers) for

tabulating, counting, and analyzing
• Must determine categories

• Completely exhaustive
• Mutually exclusive
• Assign numbers to categories

• Make sure to code an ID number for each completed

instrument
Introduction to Data Analysis

• Tabulation -- counting the number of cases that fall into each category
• Initial tabulations should be preformed for each item

• One-way tabulations

• Determines degree of item non-response

• Locates errors
• Locates outliers
• Determines the data distribution
Preliminary Data
Analysis

Tabulation
•

• Simple Counts
Number of Number of
• For example Cars Families
• 74 families in the study
• own 1 car 1 75
• 2 families own 3
2 23
• Missing data (9) 3 2
• 1 Family did not report

• Not useful for further 9 1

• analysis
Total 101
Preliminary Data
Analysis

Number of Number of
• Tabulation Cars Families
• Compute Percentages

• Eliminate non-responses 1 75%

• Note – Report without 2 23%
missing data
3 2%
Total 100
Preliminary Data
Analysis

• Cross Tabulation
• Simultaneous count of two
• or more items
• Note marginal totals are Number Lower Higher
Total
• equal to frequency totals of Cars Income Income
• Allows researcher to
determine if a relationship 1 48 27 75
exists between two variables
• Used a final analysis step in
majority of real-world 2 or 6 19 25
applications More
• Investigates the relationship
between two ordinal-scaled Total 54 46 100
variables
Preliminary Data
Analysis

• Cross Tabulation
Num Lower Higher Total
• To analyze the data
ber of Incom
• Calculate percentages Cars
e Incom
in the direction of the e
“causal variable”
1 64% 36% 100%
• Does number of cars
• “cause” income level? 2 or 24% 76% 100%
More

Total 54% 46% 100%

Preliminary Data
Analysis
 Cross Tabulation Nu Lower Higher Total
Incom
 To analyze the data m e Incom
 Does income level ber e
“cause” of
number of cars? Car
s
 Seem like this is the
1 89% 59% 75%
case.
2 or 11% 41% 25%
 In the direction of More
income – thus,
Total 100% 100% 100%
income marginal
totals should be
100%
Preliminary Data
Analysis
 Cross Tabulation allows the
development of hypotheses
 Develop by comparing percentages
across
 Lower income more likely to have one car
(89%) than
the higher income group (59%)
 Higher income more likely to have multiple cars
(41%)
than the lower income group (11%)

 Are results statistically significant?

 To test must employ chi-square analysis
Measurement Scales & Types
of Data
Types of Data

Discrete Continuous

Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio

The Quantitative Values Classification Interval Data
Assignment of Providing a According to a With An
Numbers for Classification Continuum With Absolute
Classification According to Order Interval Equality & Value of 0
Purposes; or Magnitude Subdivision Sensibility
Eg: Height;
Categorical
Eg: VAS; SE Status Eg: Temp. weight
Data
E.g. Sex, Blood
Gr
 Statistical
Type of
Tests:
Data
Overview
data
Kind of Quantitative
comparison Qualitative Normal distribution
distribution Any
two 2-test, t-Test , Z test Wilcoxon;Mann-
samples Z test (n>30) Whitney-test
Comparison for proportion Chi Square
of one sign-test, one sample sign-

two sample Mc.Nemar-test t- one-sample -

test, Test Wilcoxon-test
groups
Comparison independ. 2-test one-way analysis Kruskal-
Wallis-test
of more samples of variance
than two one Cochran’s two-way Friedman-test
groups analysis
sample 14
wQww-.tderjasyetshpatidar.blogspootf.covmarianc
15
What is findings and suggestion?

The principal outcomes of a research project; what the project

suggested, revealed or indicated. This usually refers to the totality
of outcomes, rather than the conclusions or recommendations
drawn from them.
How do I write a bibliography?
Collect this information for each Web Site:
1.author name.
2.title of the publication (and the title of the article if
it's a magazine or encyclopedia)
3.date of publication.
4.the place of publication of a book.
5.the publishing company of a book.
6.the volume number of a magazine or printed
encyclopedia.
7.the page number(s)
THANK YOU