ADCA

Advance Diploma in Computer

Application
Courses
DCA – Diploma in Computer ADCA – Advance Diploma in
Application – 6 months Computer Application – 12
• Basic Fundamentals months
• Operating System • Photoshop 7.0
• MS Paint • Page Maker
• Notepad • Tally
• Word pad • Typing
• Internet
• Microsoft office – Word,
Excel, Power point
Basic Fundamentals

• What is Computer?
• What is the full form of
Computer?
• Features of Computer
• History of Computer
• Types of Computer
• Parts of Computer
• Software & Hardware
What is Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs

tasks according to a set of instructions called software. It can accept
input, store and manipulate data, and produce output, often in the form
of text, images, or sounds. Computers come in various forms, from
personal desktops and laptops to servers and embedded systems in
devices like smartphones and appliances. They are used for a wide range
of applications, including word processing, internet browsing, gaming,
and complex scientific computations.
Computer
 Full Form of Computer

• The full form of "computer" is often stated as "Common

Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technology,
Education, and Research." However, it’s important to note
that "computer" is not an acronym in the traditional sense;
rather, it comes from the word "compute," which means to
calculate or process. The full form is more of a backronym
created to explain its functions and uses.
 Features of Computer

• Computers have several key features that make them versatile and powerful
tools. Here are some of the main features:

• 1. **Speed**: Computers can process data and perform calculations at

incredibly high speeds, often in microseconds or nanoseconds.

• 2. **Accuracy**: They perform operations with high precision, minimizing

errors in calculations and data processing.

• 3. **Automation**: Once programmed, computers can perform tasks

automatically without human intervention, making them efficient for
repetitive tasks.
 Features of Computer

• 4. **Storage**: Computers can store vast amounts of data in various forms,

allowing for easy retrieval and management.

• 5. **Versatility**: They can perform a wide range of tasks, from basic calculations

to complex simulations and data analysis, adapting to different applications.

• 6. **Diligence**: Unlike humans, computers do not suffer from fatigue or loss of

concentration, allowing them to work consistently without breaks.

• 7. **Connectivity**: Computers can connect to networks and the internet, enabling

communication and data sharing globally.

Features of Computer

8. **Multitasking**: They can run multiple applications

simultaneously, enhancing productivity and efficiency.

9. **User Interface**: Computers come with user-friendly interfaces,

making them accessible to a wide range of users.

10. **Programmability**: Users can create and modify software to

tailor the computer’s functions to specific needs.
• These features contribute to the widespread use of computers in
various fields, including business, education, research, and
entertainment.
History of Computer

1. Early Calculating Devices:

1.Abacus (circa 2400 BC): One of the earliest known tools
for arithmetic.
2.Mechanical Calculators (17th century): Devices like
Blaise Pascal’s Pascaline (1642) and Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz’s Stepped Reckoner (1673) could perform basic
arithmetic operations.
 History of Computer

2. The Analytical Engine:

•Charles Babbage (1837): Often called the "father of the computer," he
conceptualized the Analytical Engine, a mechanical general-purpose computer,
although it was never completed.
3. The First Programmable Computer:
•Ada Lovelace: Worked with Babbage and is considered the first computer
programmer for her work on the Analytical Engine.
 History of Computer

4. Electromechanical Computers:
•Hollerith's Tabulating Machine (1890): Used for the U.S. Census, it employed
punched cards to process data.
•Z3 (1941): Designed by Konrad Zuse, it was the first working programmable, fully
automatic digital computer.
5. The First Electronic Computers:
•ENIAC (1945): Developed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, it was the first
general-purpose electronic digital computer, capable of performing a wide variety of
calculations.
 History of Computer

6. Transistors and Integrated Circuits:

•Transistors (1947): Replaced vacuum tubes, making computers
smaller, faster, and more reliable.
•Integrated Circuits (1958): Allowed multiple transistors to be placed
on a single chip, leading to smaller and more powerful computers.
History of Computer

7. The Microprocessor Revolution:

•Intel 4004 (1971): The first microprocessor, which paved the way
for personal computers.
•Personal Computers (1970s-1980s): The introduction of the
Apple II (1977), IBM PC (1981), and other systems made
computers accessible to the general public.
 History of Computer

8. The Internet and Networking:

•ARPANET (1969): The precursor to the modern internet, it connected research
institutions and laid the groundwork for global networking.
•World Wide Web (1991): Created by Tim Berners-Lee, it revolutionized how
information is shared and accessed.
9. Modern Developments:
•Advancements in mobile computing, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing
continue to shape the future of technology.
 Types of Computer

•Computers come in various types, each designed for specific purposes and functionalities.
Here are the main types of computers:

1. **Personal Computers (PCs)**: - **Desktops**: Designed for regular use at a single

location, typically consisting of a separate monitor, keyboard, and CPU.

- **Laptops**: Portable computers that integrate all components into a single unit,
allowing for easy mobility.

2. **Workstations**: - High-performance computers designed for technical or scientific

applications, often used for tasks like graphic design, video editing, and complex
calculations.
 Types of Computer

3. **Servers**:- Computers that provide data, resources, or services to other

computers over a network. They can handle multiple requests simultaneously and are
used in businesses for hosting websites, applications, and databases.

4. **Mainframes**: - Large, powerful computers used primarily by large organizations

for bulk data processing, critical applications, and large-scale transaction processing.

5. **Supercomputers**:- The most powerful computers available, used for complex

calculations and simulations in fields like weather forecasting, scientific research, and
advanced engineering.
 Types of Computer

6. **Embedded Systems**:- Specialized computers built into other devices (like

appliances, vehicles, and medical equipment) to perform dedicated functions. They
often operate in real-time environments.

7. **Tablets and Smartphones**:- Portable devices that combine computing

capabilities with mobile technology, allowing for internet access, applications, and
multimedia.

8. **Gaming Consoles**:- Computers specifically designed for playing video games,

Types of Computer

9. **Hybrid Computers**:- Combine features of both analog and digital

computers, capable of processing both continuous data (analog) and
discrete data (digital).

•These different types of computers serve a variety of functions across

various sectors, from personal use to large-scale industrial applications.
 Parts of Computer

•A computer consists of several essential parts, each serving a specific function. Here are the main
components:

1. **Central Processing Unit (CPU)**:- Often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, the CPU
performs calculations and processes instructions from software.

2. **Motherboard**:- The main circuit board that connects all components of the computer. It houses
the CPU, memory, and other essential hardware.

3. **Random Access Memory (RAM)**: - Temporary memory that stores data and instructions that the
CPU needs while performing tasks. It allows for quick access and retrieval of data.
 Parts of Computer

4. **Storage Devices**: - **Hard Disk Drive (HDD)**: A traditional storage device that uses spinning disks to
read and write data.

- **Solid State Drive (SSD)**: A faster storage option that uses flash memory, providing quicker access to data.

- **External Storage**: Includes USB drives and external hard drives for additional data storage and backup.

5. **Power Supply Unit (PSU)**:- Converts electrical power from an outlet into usable power for the
computer's components.

6. **Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)**:- A specialized processor designed to handle rendering images, videos,
and animations. Important for gaming and graphic-intensive applications.
 Parts of Computer

7. **Input Devices**:- Tools used to input data into the computer, such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and microphone.

8. **Output Devices**: Devices that output data from the computer, including monitors, printers, and speakers.

9. **Cooling System**:- Fans or liquid cooling systems that help dissipate heat generated by the CPU and other
components, preventing overheating.

10. **Network Interface Card (NIC)**: - Allows the computer to connect to a network, either via Ethernet (wired) or Wi-
Fi (wireless).

These parts work together to enable a computer to perform a wide range of tasks, from basic operations to complex
computations.
Software

• Software refers to the set of instructions and programs that tell

a computer how to perform specific tasks. It is an essential
component of computing, allowing users to interact with
hardware and execute various functions. Here are the main
types of software:
Types of Software

1. System Software: - This includes the operating system (OS) and all the
utilities that enable the computer to function. The OS manages hardware
resources and provides a user interface. Examples include:

Windows

macOS

Linux
Types of Software

2. Application Software:- Programs designed to help users perform specific

tasks. These can be productivity applications, games, or other specialized
software. Examples include:

- Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint)

- Adobe Photoshop

- Web browsers (Chrome, Firefox)

Types of Software

3. Programming Software: - Tools that developers use to write, debug, and

maintain other software. This includes:

- **Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)**: Like Visual Studio,

Eclipse, and PyCharm.

- **Compilers and interpreters**: Tools that convert code written in

programming languages into executable programs.
Types of Software

•4. **Utility Software**: - Software designed to help manage, maintain, and control
computer resources. Examples include:

- **Antivirus programs** (Norton, McAfee)

- **Disk management tools** (Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter)

- **Backup software** (Acronis, Backblaze)

Types of Software

5. **Middleware**: - Software that acts as a bridge between different

applications or between an application and the operating system. It enables
communication and data management for distributed applications.

6. **Driver Software**: - Programs that allow the operating system to

communicate with hardware devices, such as printers, graphics cards, and
network adapters.
Types of Software

•7. **Firmware**:- A specialized type of software embedded in hardware devices,

providing low-level control. It is used in devices like routers, cameras, and embedded
systems.

•Software is vital for the functioning of computers and enables users to perform a
wide range of activities, from simple tasks like browsing the internet to complex
operations like data analysis and software development.
Hardware

Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that you

can see and touch. These components work together to perform the tasks
required by software. Here are the main types of hardware in a computer:

1. **Central Processing Unit (CPU)**: - Often called the "brain" of the

computer, the CPU performs calculations and executes instructions from
software.
Hardware

2. **Motherboard**:- The main circuit board that connects all components

of the computer, including the CPU, memory, and expansion slots for
additional hardware.

3. **Random Access Memory (RAM)**:- Temporary memory that stores

data and instructions for the CPU while programs are running. It allows for
quick access to data.
Hardware

4. **Storage Devices**: - **Hard Disk Drive (HDD)**: Traditional storage device that
uses spinning disks to read and write data.

- **Solid State Drive (SSD)**: A faster storage option that uses flash memory for
quicker data access.

- **External Storage**: USB drives, external hard drives, and other devices used for
additional storage and backup.
Hardware

5. **Power Supply Unit (PSU)**: - Converts electrical power from an outlet into usable
power for the computer's components.

6. **Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)**: - A specialized processor designed for rendering

images and videos, important for gaming and graphic-intensive tasks.

7. **Input Devices**:

- Tools used to enter data into the computer, such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and
microphone.
Hardware

8. **Output Devices**: - Devices that output data from the computer, including monitors,
printers, and speakers.

9. **Cooling System**: - Fans or liquid cooling systems that help dissipate heat generated by
the CPU and other components, preventing overheating.

10. **Network Interface Card (NIC)**: - A hardware component that allows the computer to
connect to a network, either wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi).

These hardware components work together to enable the functionality of a computer system,
allowing users to perform a wide range of tasks.
Difference between hardware & software

**Hardware**: The physical components of a computer system that you can touch
and see, such as the CPU, motherboard, RAM, hard drives, and peripheral devices
like keyboards and monitors.

**Software**: The set of instructions, programs, or applications that tell the

hardware how to perform specific tasks. This includes operating systems,
applications, and utilities.
Mouse
Keyboard
Shortcut Keys
Operating System

• An operating system is software that controls the operation

of other computer programs. It manages computer
programs and computer hardware. If there is no operating
system on any laptop, computer or mobile, then no
software will be installed in it, nor will you be able to do any
work with it.
Examples of Operating System

• Unix – 1969
• Linux – 1991
• Solaris – 1992
• MS DOS – 1981 – 2000
• MS Windows – Windows 95 – 1995
- Windows 98 – 1998
- Windows XP – 2000
- Windows Vista – 2007
- Windows 7 – 2009
- Windows 8 – 2012
- Windows 8.1 – 2013
- Windows 10 – 2015
- Windows 11 - 2021
Windows 11

• Start button/Windows key • This PC/My Computer

• Taskbar • Recycle Bin
• Notification area • Control Pannel
• Start Menu • Run
• Desktop • Task Manager
• Icons
• Wallpaper/Background Image
• Search area
MS Paint

• MS Paint is a system software that is given • Menu bar – File, Home, View

by computer with by defaults and we use it • Close button

for painting and drawing. • Maximize button
• Windows Menu • Minimize button
• Save • Help option
• Undo • Work area

• Redo • Vertical Scroll bar

• Customize quick access toolbar • Horizontal Scroll bar

• Tittle Bar • Status bar & Zoom in, out, slider

Home Tab

• Clipboard – Cut, Copy, Paste

• Image – Select, Crop, Resize, Rotate

• Tools – Pencil, Eraser, Fill with colour, Text, Colour Picker, Magnifier

• Brushes

• Shapes – Fill, Outline

• Colours – Colour 1 (Fill), Colour 2 (Outline), Size

View Tab

• Zoom in, out, 100%

• Rulers

• Gridlines

• Status Bar

• Full Screen
Shortcut
Keys
Notepad

• Notepad is a simple text editor system software that is

given by default in all computers. With this help, we can
edit small text and create a document related to the text.
File Menu

• New – Ctrl + N
• New Window – Ctrl + Shift + N
• Open – Ctrl + O
• Save – Ctrl + S
• Save as – Ctrl + Shift + S
• Page Setup
• Print – Ctrl + P
• Exit
Edit Menu

• Undo – Ctrl + Z • Find Next – F3

• Cut – Ctrl + X • Find Previous – Shift + F3

• Copy – Ctrl + C • Replace – Ctrl + H

• Paste – Ctrl + V • Go To – Ctrl + G

• Delete – Del • Select All – Ctrl + A

• Search With Bing – Ctrl + E • Time/Date – F5

• Find – Ctrl + F
Format Menu & View Menu

• Word wrap • Zoom in & Out

• Font – Font style & size • Status bar
 WordPad
WordPad is a text editor software which is a little
advance form notepad. We can write and edit any kind of
text and also format it. We can change any text to
colour, bold, Italic etc.
Home Tab

• Clipboard

• Font

• Paragraph

• Insert

• Editing
Font

• Font Style • Subscript

• Font Size • Superscript
• Grow Font • Change Font Colour
• Shrink Font • Text Highlight Colour
• Bold
• Italic
• Underline
• Strikethrough
Paragraph

• Align Text Left

• Align Text Right
• Center
• Justify
• Line spacing
• Paragraph
• Start a list
• Increase Indent
• Decrease Indent
Insert

• Insert Picture

• Change Picture

• Resize Picture

• Paint Drawing

• Date and Time

• Insert Object
Editing & View Menu

• Find • Zoom
• Replace • Ruler
• Select all • Status Bar
• Word Wrap
• Measurement
units
Internet
Microsoft Office
Microsoft Word

Microsoft Excel

Microsoft PowerPoint