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Dynamic Memory Allocation by SA

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Shambhavi Agrawal
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2 views

Dynamic Memory Allocation by SA

Uploaded by

Shambhavi Agrawal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dynamic Memory Allocation

Presented by:
Shambhavi Agrawal
CS-2
12/23/2024 1
Table of Contents

• Memory Allocation
• Types of Memory Allocation
– Static Memory Allocation
– Dynamic Memory Allocation
• calloc() function
• malloc() function
• realloc() function
• free() function
• References

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Memory Allocation
• Memory allocation is a process by which computer
programs and services are assigned with physical or
virtual memory space
• Memory allocation is achieved through a process known
as memory management
• To allocate memory it is necessary to keep in information
of available memory in the system. If memory
management system finds sufficient free memory, it
allocates as much memory as needed

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Types of memory allocation

• The program is allocated with


1.Static Memory memory at compile time
Allocation • Used in array

• The program is allocated with


2.Dynamic Memory memory at run time
Allocation • Used in linked list

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Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Whenever we define any array in a program, the fixed
block of memory is assigned to that array. This happens
through static memory allocation process. It creates a
problem when we do not have fixed number of elements
to be stored
• Pointer can be used to with array to resolve this problem
and to provide facility of dynamic array.
• Dynamic memory allocation is the process of providing
memory blocks to the variables at execution time of
program

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• To perform different memory allocation ,different
memory allocation method such as malloc(), calloc(),
realloc(),free()

• Allocates single block of requested


malloc() memory
• Allocates multiple block of
calloc() requested memory
•Reallocates the memory occupied by
realloc()
malloc() or calloc() functions
• Frees the dynamically allocated
free() memory
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malloc() function

• malloc() function allocates the single block of requested


memory
• It takes only one argument that specify the memory
block
• It does not initializes the allocated memory and contain
garbage value
• Syntax of malloc() function is given below:
ptr =( int*)malloc(byte-size)

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Example
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main(){
int n,i,*ptr,sum=0;
printf("Enter number of elements: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
ptr=(int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int)); //memory allocated using malloc
if(ptr==NULL)
{
printf("Sorry! unable to allocate memory");
exit(0);
Output
}
printf("Enter elements of array: "); Enter elements of elements: 3
for(i=0;i<n;++i) Enter elements of array: 10 10 10
{ Sum=30
scanf("%d",ptr+i);
sum+=*(ptr+i);
}
printf("Sum=%d",sum);
free(ptr);
return 0;
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}
calloc() function

• The calloc() function allocates multiple block of


requested memory
• It takes two arguments that specify the number of
elements to be reserved and the size of each element in
bytes
• It initializes the allocated memory to zero
• Syntax:
ptr=(cast-type*)calloc(n , byte-size)
where n=number of blocks

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realloc() function

• If memory is not sufficient for malloc() or calloc(), then


you can reallocate the memory by realloc() function.
• In short, it changes the memory size.
• Syntax:
ptr=realloc( ptr, number*(size of( data type ));

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free() function

• The memory occupied by malloc() or calloc() functions


must be released by calling free() function. Otherwise, it
will consume memory until program exit.
• Syntax:
free(ptr)

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References

• https://www.javatpoint.com/dynamic-memory-allocation-i
n-c
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-memory-allocatio
n-in-c-using-malloc-calloc-free-and-realloc/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-dynamic-memory

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Thank You

12/23/2024 13

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