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Introducing Computer Systems

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Ayeaha Saddiqa
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3 views

Introducing Computer Systems

Uploaded by

Ayeaha Saddiqa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introducing Computer Systems

WHAT IS COMPUTER
What is computer?
• A computer is a device that accepts information / data by input,
manipulates it for some result based on a program / sequence of
instructions on how the data is to be processed, generate result as
output and store in their storage as needed.
Data vs. Information
• Data - User inputs into a computer is Data, likes raw material before
data processing. Data maybe relates as facts, events, transactions,
images, songs, and documents. Data is also refers to unprocessed
information.
• Information - When data is processed into meaningful format, by
specific program, it becomes information. Information is also
know as results.
Example:
• Student admission form, at time of submission college collect
required student data like name, age, pervious history of education,
certificates, picture and signature. When admission department
process in their system with some specific program (student
enrolment software), after successful students get admission and
issuing student ID card, student ID card is information of student.
Primary operation of computer
• The four basic operation describe in computer definition:
• Input - entering data into the computer
• Processing - performing operation on the data
• Output - presenting the result
• Storage - saving data, programs, and output results
Hardware
Computer System
• A computer system is a collection
of hardware and software that
performs specific tasks.
• Hardware - all physical devices
Software
like input, processing, output,
storage, and communication are
Hardware
• Software - Software consists of
applications or programs that run
on the CPU to perform various
functions for users.
Information Technology
• Information technology is the technology that uses computing with
high-speed communication links to spread information from one
place to another.
• The interconnection of computers enables people to send and
receive information. The communication links also are used to
interact with different people in the world.
• Computer is an important component of information technology. It
makes it possible to use information technology for
solving problems.
History of computers
• First generation of the computer(1942-1955)
• Second generation computers (1955-1964)
• Third Generation Computers (1964-1975)
• Fourth generation computer (1975-present)
• Fifth generation computer (present and beyond)
First generation of the computer(1942-1955)
• The beginning of the commercial computer age is from UNIVAC
(Universal Automatic Computer). It was developed by the Census
Department of the United States and developed by two scientists
MAUCHLY and ECHERT in 1947. First-generation computers were
used during 1942-1955. They were based on a vacuum which was a
glass (tube) that controlled and amplified the electronic signals.
Second generation computers (1955-1964)
• Three scientists of Bell Laboratories developed transistor by
1948.These scientists include J. Bardeen, H.W. Brattain and W.
Shickley. Transistor is small device that transfers electronic signals
across a resistor. The transistor was used in computer by 1956 in
second-generation computers.
Third Generation Computers (1964-1975)
• Jack Kilby developed the Integrated Circuit (IC) in 1958. An IC
combined three electronic components into a small silicon disc.
Scientists later managed to fit even more components on a single
chip a semiconductor. Computers become ever smaller as a result.
Operating System was also practiced at that time.
Fourth generation computer (1975-present)
• In this generation, microprocessors were used is a small chip
containing thousands of ICs on it. It greatly reduced the size
of the computers.
Fifth Generation of computer
• These computers have been utilized since 1980 and continue to be
used till now. This is the present as well as future of the computer
world. The defining aspect of this generation is artificial intelligence.
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its significance
in modern computer system
• The ability of a computer or a robot controlled by a computer to do
task that are usually done by human.
• Customer Service:
Online chatbots are replacing human agents along the customer
journey (messaging apps, such as Facebook messenger).
• Recommendation Engines:
Using past consumption behavior data, used to make relevant add-on
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for
online retailers.
THANK YOU

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