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Blocks Reduction Techniques

Blocks Reduction Technique

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Tarik Tawfeek
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4 views

Blocks Reduction Techniques

Blocks Reduction Technique

Uploaded by

Tarik Tawfeek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lec-07

Block diagram reduction techniques


Three basic forms
Series or cascaded parallel feedback

G1 G1
G1 G2
G2 G2

G1
G1 G2 G1 G2
+1 G1 G2
Block diagram_ Series or cascaded blocks reduction technique

R(s) G(s) Gc(s) Y(s)

% transfer function G
num_G = [1 1];
den_G = [500 0 0];
% transfer function Gc
num_Gc = [1 1];
den_Gc = [1 2];
% transfer function Gall
[num_Gall, den_Gall] = series (num_G, den_G, num_G c , den_Gc);
printsys (num_Gall, den_Gall)

s^2 + 2 s + 1
Y(s)/R (s) = ------------------------
500 s^3 + 1000 s^2
Block diagram_ Parallel reduction Technique

% transfer function G1
num_G1 = [3 6];
Y(s)U(s) =
den_G1 = [1 7 0];
% transfer function G2 3 s^3 + 17 s^2 + 77 s + 60
num_G2 = [5]; ----------------------------------
den_G2 = [1 2 10]; s^4 + 9 s^3 + 24 s^2 + 70 s
% transfer function Gall = G1+ G2
[num_Gall, den_Gall] = parallel (num_G1, den_G1, num_G2, den_G2);
Block diagram_Feedbck reduction technique

% transfer function G
num_G = [3 6];
den_G = [1 7 0]; num/den =
% transfer function H
num_H = [1 2]; 3 s^2 + 36 s + 60
den_H = [1 10]; ------------------------
% transfer function Gall = G/ 1+G*H s^3 + 20 s^2 + 82 s + 12
[num_f, den_f] = feedback (num_G, den_G, num_H, den_H, -1);
printsys (num_f, den_f)
Block Diagram Reduction Rules

Follow these rules for simplifying (reducing) the block diagram, which is having many blocks, summing points and
take-off points.

Rulle 1 − Check for the blocks connected in series and simplify.

Rulle 2 − Check for the blocks connected in parallel and simplify.

Rulle 3 − Check for the blocks connected in feedback loop and simplify.

Rulle 4 − If there is difficulty with take-off point while simplifying, shift it.

Rulle 5 − If there is difficulty with summing point while simplifying, shift it.
num_G1 = [5]
den_G1 = [1]
num_G2 = [1 0]
den_G2 = [1 4]
num_G3 = [2 0]
den_G3 = [1 4 4]
num_H1 = [1]
den_H1 = [1]
num_H3 = [3]
den_H3 = [1 3]

[num_Gp1 , den_Gp1] = parallel (num_G1, den_G1, -1* num_G2, den_G2 )

[num_Gp2,den_Gp2] = feedback (num_Gp1,den_Gp1, num_H1, den_H1,-1 )


[num_Gp3,den_Gp3] = series (num_Gp2,den_Gp2,num_G3 den_G3)

[num_Gall ,den_Gall] = feedback (num_Gp3,den_Gp3, num_H3 den_H3, -1)

Printsys (num_Gall ,den_Gall)

num/den =

8 s^3 + 64 s^2 + 120 s


------------------------------------------------
5 s^4 + 59 s^3 + 272 s^2 + 564 s + 288
clear all
clc
%Transfer function of G1
num_G1 = [5];
den_G1 = [1];
%Transfer function of G2
num_G2 = [1 0];
den_G2 = [1 4];
%Transfer function of G3
num_G3 = [2 0];
den_G3 = [1 4 4];
%Transfer function of H1
num_H1 = [1];
den_H1 = [1];
%Transfer function of H3
num_H3 = [3];
den_H3 = [1 3];
[num_Gp1 , den_Gp1] = parallel (num_G1, den_G1, -1* num_G2, den_G2 );
[num_Gp2,den_Gp2] = feedback (num_Gp1,den_Gp1, num_H1, den_H1,-1 );
[num_Gp3,den_Gp3] = series (num_Gp2,den_Gp2,num_G3, den_G3);
[num_Gall ,den_Gall] = feedback (num_Gp3,den_Gp3, num_H3, den_H3, -1);
printsys (num_Gall ,den_Gall)
Another Method
clear all
clc
%Transfer function of G1
G1 = tf ([5],[1]);
%Transfer function of G2
G2 = tf([1 0],[1 4]);
%Transfer function of G3
G3 = tf([2 0],[1 4 4]);
%Transfer function of H1
H1= tf([1],[1]);
%Transfer function of H3
H3 = tf([3],[1 3]);
Gp1 = parallel (G1,-G2)
Gp2 = feedback (Gp1, H1 )
Gp3 = series (Gp2,G3)
Gall = feedback (Gp3, H3)
Moving a take off point

Forward

x1 y x1 y
G G
x2 x2
1/G

Backward

x1 y x1 y
G G
x2
x2
G
Moving a take off point
block diagram transformations
Moving a summing point

Forward
x1 y
x1 y
G G
± ±
x2 x2
G

Backward

y x1 y
x1
G
G
±
±

x2 1/G x2
Moving a summing point
block diagram models (dynamic)

1. Reduce the blocks according to three basic forms ！

2. Neighboring summing point and pickoff point can not be


interchanged ！

3. The summing point or pickoff point should be moved to the same


kind ！
Moving summing point
G3
G1 G2
Move to the same kind
H1
Example 1
G3
G1 G2
G1 H1
Example -1 : Find T. F. After reducing the shown block diagram

1-Blocks G1 and G2 (series)


2- Blocks G3 and G4 (Parallel
3- Blocks G1 G2 and H1 (Feedback)
4- Move take off point Forward after Block G5

5- Blocks (G1 + G2) and G5 (series)


6- Blocks (G3 + G4) G5 and H3 (Feedback)

7- Apply series rule for blocks connected in series


7- Apply Feedback rule for blocks connected in Feedback

Transfer Function

=
Example -2 : Find T. F. After
reducing the shown block diagram
Example -3 : Find T. F. After reducing the shown block diagram
Reduce the following block diagram
+Positive
(+)sign
Negative (-) Sign

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