ARTIFICIAL

NTELLIGENCE
A Presentation by –
Priya
Chaudhary
Data Science-II 1
Contents
1. What is Artificial Intelligence?

2. History of AI

3. Types of AI

4. Relation between Machine learning and AI

5. Components and Software for AI

6. Problems that AI can solve for us

7. Some of available AI tools

8. Present & Future usage, benefits of AI

9. Social Impacts of AI usage

10. Conclusion
What is Artificial
Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence is the
development of such computer
systems that are able to perform
tasks that would require human
intelligence.
These tasks may be like-
» Visual perception
» Speech recognition
» Decision making and
» Translation between
languages.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• AI is the science & engineering of
making intelligent machines,
especially intelligent computer
programs. It is related to the similar
task of using computers to
understand human intelligence.
• AI can have two purposes –
» To use a computer's artificial intelligence
to understand how humans think.
» To use a computer’s artificial intelligence
to make it work as a human brain.

4
History of AI – Major Milestones
1950 : Alan Turing publishes 'Computing Machinery and
Intelligence', introducing the Turing Test.
1956 : John McCarthy coins the term Artificial Intelligence at
the Dartmouth Conference.
1950-1960s: Initial research in machine learning and neural
networks.
1966 : ELIZA, an early natural language program, simulates
human conversation.
1980s : Rise of expert systems used in various industries.
1997 : IBM’s Deep Blue defeats world chess champion Garry
Kasparov.
2011 : IBM’s Watson wins the game show 'Jeopardy!'.
2015-today : Deep Learning revolution with major breakthroughs.
Types of AI – Based on Capabilities
•Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI):
» Also known as Weak AI, ANI is specialized in performing a single task.
» Examples: Siri, Alexa, Google Search, Recommendation Systems.
» ANI systems cannot generalize their skills beyond their specific tasks.
•Artificial General Intelligence (AGI):
» Also known as Strong AI, AGI can understand, learn, and apply intelligence
to solve any problem, much like a human being.
» Currently, AGI is theoretical and does not exist yet.
» AGI would be capable of reasoning, problem-solving, and thinking
abstractly.
•Artificial Superintelligence (ASI):
» ASI refers to a level of intelligence that surpasses human intelligence.
» This type of AI could potentially perform all tasks better than humans.
» ASI is purely hypothetical and is the subject of many ethical debates around
Types of AI – Based on Functionalities
• Reactive Machines:
» The simplest form of AI, these systems can only react to specific inputs and
do not have memory or learning capabilities.
» They perform tasks based on pre-programmed rules and cannot improve
over time. Its Example is IBM’s Deep Blue Chess Computer.
• Limited Memory:
» This AI can use historical data to make decisions and improve performance.
» Limited memory systems can learn from previous experiences, but the
learning is specific to certain tasks. Its Example is Self-driving cars, which
use past data to improve driving decisions.
• Theory of Mind:
» This AI aims to understand human emotions, beliefs, and thoughts to make
interactions more meaningful. It would be able to predict human behavior
and respond accordingly. This AI is still under research and development
and does not exist yet.
• Self-Aware AI:
» The most advanced type of AI, which possesses self-awareness and
consciousness. It can understand itself as an individual entity, recognizing
Types of AI – Based on Applications & Usage
• Machine Learning (ML):
» These AI focused on allowing machines to learn from data and includes
algorithms such as supervised learning, unsupervised learning and
reinforcement learning. Its Examples are Image recognition, language
processing and recommendation systems.
• Natural Language Processing (NLP):
» The AI that enables machines to understand and interpret human languages
and used in applications such as Chatbots, Translation and Sentiment
Analysis. Like - Google Translate, ChatGPT etc.
• Robotics:
» Robotics involves AI systems that can interact with the physical world.
» Robots may perform tasks like assembly, delivery or exploration Like-
Industrial robots, autonomous drones etc.
• Expert Systems:
» These AI systems use a large database of knowledge to make decisions &
solve problems in specific domains, Often used in Medical Diagnosis,
Financial Analysis and Customer Support like- MYCIN (medical diagnosis) &
Relation between Machine Learning and AI
• AI is the broader concept of machines that
exhibit human-like intelligence.
• Machine Learning is a subset of AI that
allows machines to learn from data without
being explicitly programmed.
• Deep Learning is a further subset of Machine
Learning that uses multi-layered neural
networks for more complex pattern
recognition.
So, Machine Learning is a powerful tool
within AI that allows –
» AI to achieve remarkable capabilities,
especially in fields that require pattern
recognition, decision-making, and data-driven
insights.
» Provides the means for machines to "learn"
and "improve" autonomously, making AI
systems more flexible, adaptive, and
Components & Software of AI

Three Main Components of AI are -

Speech Synthesis
Speech Recognition
Logical Reasoning

Two Main Software/Programming Languages for AI are-

PROLOG (Programing in Logic)
LISP (List Processor)

10
PROLOG (Programming in Logic)

• Where other programming languages tell the computer how

to do something, PROLOG tells the computer what to do.
• PROLOG does this by reasoning out the variables and
parameters stored in the computers memory.
• The key to PROLOG programming is writing crisp clear and
precise parameters.
• With these precise variables and parameters PROLOG is
able to use its built-in reasoning mechanism called
‘backtracking’ to solve any user-entered queries.

11
LISP (LISt Processor)
• List means Important information arranged in an ordered
sequence.
• The flexibility of LISP allow the programmer to use a wide
range of things from system programs to system processes
without having to state them in advance.
• This flexibility is allowed because LISP doesn’t use a
backtracking mechanism, however one can easily be equipped
to the processor.
• In today's world LISP has several features that make
development easier, which has it viewed as a programming
standard.

12
Problems that AI can solve for us -
AI has the potential to address a broad range
of challenges across Industries, making
processes more efficient, accurate and
adaptive. From improving healthcare to
mitigating climate change, AI can drive
transformative changes that lead to better
quality of life, enhanced productivity and
greater sustainability.
In general, AI can help solve problems
that require:
• Data Analysis and Prediction: When large
datasets are available to learn patterns.
• Complex Decision-Making: For tasks that
involve multi-dimensional decision-making and
quick responses.
• Automation of Routine Tasks: Especially in
Some of the available AI Tools
Some of more AI Tools
Everyone should try at least once these tools to see what AI can do
for humans.

Find out more tools to

use….
AI being used in Movies -

In movies, robots are able to

talk, think, have emotions
and make decisions just like
humans with the use of AI.
 AI being used in Data Mining and Medical
Science
Data Mining application allows the
computer to learn from its
environment as in Smart Cars, the
self-parking cars can parallel park
themselves with out hitting any other
objects around it.

Diagnostic programs help doctors

when they input the symptoms of the
patience and the AI helps decide what
medications are best on the basis of -
Disease symptoms, Medical history
and Test results of a patient.
17
Other fields where AI is used

» Self Driving Cars

» Boston Dynamics
» Navigation Systems
» ASIMO Robot
» Chat-bots
» Human vs Computer
Games
» And Many More….!
The Future usage of Generative AI as
Benefits of using AI
• The most important purpose of AI is to reduce human
casualties in
» Wars
» Dangerous Workspaces
» Car Accidents
» Natural Disasters
• And to just make everyday life easier by helping with tasks
such as -
» Cleaning
» Shopping
» Transportation
 Social Effects of AI
Job Displacement: AI can automate routine jobs which could lead to
unemployment.
Bias: AI can reflect and amplify social bias which could be dangerous.
Ethical Dilemmas: AI can raise ethical and social concerns about privacy,
fairness, accountability and transparency.
Shift in Human Experience: AI can change the human workforce and impact
social & ethical life. It can also mentally stress people by making their work
more challenging.
Economic Disparities: AI can create a digital divide between those who have
access to AI technologies and those who don't. This could marginalize or create
new disadvantaged groups.
AI Terrorism: AI could enable new forms of terrorism such as Autonomous
Drones, Robotic Swarms, Remote Attacks or Nano-robots delivering diseases
etc. 21
 Conclusion
In it’s short existence, AI has increased understanding
of the nature of intelligence and provided an impressive
array of application in a wide range of areas.
It has sharpened understanding of human reasoning
and of the nature of intelligence in general.
At the same time, it has revealed the complexity of
modeling human reasoning providing new areas and
rich challenges for the future.
So… A New Future is inviting us towards Genius
Machines and More Responsible Humans…
22
23