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Quality Management Tools

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Quality Management Tools

Uploaded by

Tshepo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tools

Quality Management
What Is Project Quality?
• The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
defines quality as “the degree to which a set of
inherent characteristics fulfils requirements”
(ISO9000:2000)
• Other experts define quality based on:
• Conformance to requirements: The project’s processes and
products meet written specifications
• Fitness for use: A product can be used as it was intended

Information Technology Project Management, Eighth Edition 2


Core Objective
The fundamental goal of Quality Management is to maintain a high
level of consistency and satisfaction in the products or services offered
by an organization. This involves meeting customer expectations and
adhering to industry standards, thereby ensuring long-term success
through customer satisfaction
Main Components:

• Quality Planning: Initial step to identify what standards are relevant


and how to achieve them.
• Quality Assurance: This involves a set of activities that ensure quality
in the process by which products are developed.
• Quality Control: A set of activities that ensure the quality of the
product itself, usually by identifying and correcting defects.
• Quality Improvement: Ongoing effort to improve products, services,
or processes over time
Quality Planning:

• This is the initial step in the Quality Management process where the
organization identifies which standards are relevant to its operations
and how it can achieve them.
• It involves setting quality objectives, deciding on the specifications
and requirements, and planning how the quality system will be
managed and assessed.
• This phase sets the foundation for the other components of Quality
Management by establishing a roadmap and providing the necessary
resources and guidelines.
Quality Planning:
• Setting Standards: Establishing standards for materials, workmanship,
and the final product. For instance, specifying the grade of steel or
concrete to be used.
• Identifying Regulations: Understanding and planning for local building
codes, zoning laws, and other regulatory requirements.
• Resource Allocation: Allocating necessary resources like manpower,
equipment, and materials ensuring they meet the required quality
standards.
Quality Assurance:

• Quality Assurance (QA) is about ensuring that the processes used to


create the products or services are carried out correctly.
• It includes activities like process design, process auditing, and process
adherence to make sure that the organization is following established
procedures and standards.
• QA aims at preventing defects and ensuring that the processes are
effective and efficient, which in turn helps in building customer trust
and compliance with regulatory requirements.
Quality Assurance:

• Process Auditing: Conducting audits on processes like procurement,


design, and construction to ensure they are carried out as per the
defined standards and regulations.
• Certification: Ensuring that subcontractors and suppliers have the
necessary certifications and comply with industry standards.
• Training: Providing training to workers on quality procedures, safety
regulations, and best practices to prevent mistakes and ensure quality
workmanship.
Quality Control
• Quality Control (QC) focuses on identifying and correcting defects in
the actual products or services.
• It involves activities like inspection, testing, and measurement to
ensure that the products meet the defined quality standards.
• The objective is to identify issues before the product reaches the
customer, thus ensuring customer satisfaction and minimizing costs
related to defects
Quality Control:

• Inspection: Regular inspection of construction sites to check the


quality of workmanship, materials, and compliance with plans and
specifications.
• Testing: Conducting tests on materials like concrete, steel, etc., to
ensure they meet the required strength and durability standards.
• Defect Identification and Correction: Identifying and correcting
defects like cracks, structural weaknesses, or any non-compliance
with the project specifications.
Tools and techniques QC
Flow chart
Check shhets
Pareto Charts
• A Pareto chart is a histogram that can help you
identify and prioritize problem areas

• Pareto analysis is also called the 80-20 rule, meaning


that 80 percent of problems are often due to 20
percent of the causes

Information Technology Project Management, Eighth Edition 14


Figure 8-7. Sample Pareto Chart

Information Technology Project Management, Eighth Edition 15


Pareto
Wilfredo Pareto.
Pareto Chart helps employees to identify the problems, prioritize them
and also determine their frequency in the system. Pareto Chart often
represented by both bars and a line graph identifies the most common
causes of problems and the most frequently occurring defects. Pareto
Chart records the reasons which lead to maximum customer
complaints and eventually enables employees to formulate relevant
strategies to rectify the most common defects.
Chart Title
9

0
Series1

Column1 Cause 2 Cause 3 Cause4 Cause 5


Cause Effect / Fishbone
• Cause-and-effect diagrams, or Ishikawa diagrams, were developed by
Kaoru Ishikawa to illustrate and help determine how various factors relate
to potential problems. Cause-and-effect diagrams are also called fishbone
diagrams because they resemble the skeleton of a fish. The head of the fish
is the effect and each bone of the fish is a cause that leads to that effect.
The bones can branch off into smaller bones as you determine the lowe
• rlevel cause-effect relationships. When all the bones are filled in, the
diagram lets you look at all the possible causes (individual or combinations)
of the effect (or problem) so that you can develop a solution to mitigate
that effect. The diagram allows organized thought and encourages orderly
consideration of the factors that result in a certain outcome.
Scatter Diagram
• - Scatter Diagram is a quality management tool which
helps to analyse relationship between two variables. In
a scatter chart, data is represented as points, where
each point denotes a value on the horizontal axis and
vertical axis.
Control Charts
• Control charting is a tool used to monitor processes and to
ensure that they remain in control or stable
Control Chart
Histogram

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