EXAMPLE AES

Encryption and Key Generation

Road map
 Encryption Steps
 Key Generation Steps
 AES Schema

Plain
TEXT(Ammar)
128 bit AES Cipher TEXT(?
siez)
Cipher Key

Key Size # of round

128 10
 AES Schema

Plain
TEXT(Ammar) AES Cipher TEXT(?
siez)
Cipher Key

Key Size # of round

192 12
 AES Schema

Plain
TEXT(Ammar)
AES Cipher TEXT(?
siez)
Cipher Key

Key Size # of round

256 14
Case (128 bit = 16 byte)[ Convert
them to state)

Plain TEXT (HEXA) each cell 1

byte

32 43 F6 A8 88 5A 30 8D 31 31 98 A2 E0 37 07 34

KEY (HEXA) each cell

1 byte

2B 7E 15 16 28 AE D2 A6 AB F7 15 88 09 CF 4F 3C

Step 1 : Student Task : Fill the Message and Key into a 4*4 matrix (State) Col * Col
Case (128 bit = 16 byte)

Plain TEXT (HEXA) each cell 1

byte

32 43 F6 A8 88 5A 30 8D 31 31 98 A2 E0 37 07 34

32

KEY (HEXA) each cell

1 byte

2B 7E 15 16 28 AE D2 A6 AB F7 15 88 09 CF 4F 3C
Case (128 bit = 16 byte)

Plain TEXT (HEXA) each cell 1

byte

32 43 F6 A8 88 5A 30 8D 31 31 98 A2 E0 37 07 34

32
43

KEY (HEXA) each cell

1 byte

2B 7E 15 16 28 AE D2 A6 AB F7 15 88 09 CF 4F 3C
Case (128 bit = 16 byte)

Plain TEXT (HEXA) each cell 1

byte

32 43 F6 A8 88 5A 30 8D 31 31 98 A2 E0 37 07 34

32
43
F6

KEY (HEXA) each cell

1 byte

2B 7E 15 16 28 AE D2 A6 AB F7 15 88 09 CF 4F 3C
Case (128 bit = 16 byte)

Plain TEXT (HEXA) each cell 1

byte

32 43 F6 A8 88 5A 30 8D 31 31 98 A2 E0 37 07 34

32 88 31 E0
43 5A 31 37
F6 30 98 07
A8 8D A2 34

KEY (HEXA) each cell

1 byte

2B 7E 15 16 28 AE D2 A6 AB F7 15 88 09 CF 4F 3C
Case (128 bit = 16 byte)

KEY (HEXA) each cell

1 byte

2B 7E 15 16 28 AE D2 A6 AB F7 15 88 09 CF 4F 3C

2B 28 AB 09
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F
15 A6 88 3C
Step 1 : Initial transformation (Not
round)

32 88 31 E0 2B 28 AB 09 19 A0 9A E9
43 5A 31 37 7E AE F7 CF 3D F4 C6 F8
XOR
F6 30 98 07 15 D2 15 4F E3 E2 8D 48
A8 8D A2 34 15 A6 88 3C BE 2B 2A 08
AES Schema (4 transformation Steps )[first
9 round]
AES Structure
19 A0 9A E9
Byte
Byte substitution
substitution
3D F4 C6 F8
E3 E2 8D 48
Shift rows [0,1,2,3]
BE 2B 2A 08 Cipher TEXT
Mix columns
2B 28 AB 09
(Multiplication)
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F Add (XOR) round key
15 A6 88 3C

Key Size # of round

128 10
 AES Schema (4 transformation Steps )[first 9
round]

AES Structure
19 A0 9A E9
Byte substitution
3D F4 C6 F8
E3 E2 8D 48
Shift rows [0,1,2,3]
BE 2B 2A 08
Cipher TEXT
Mix columns
2B 28 AB 09
(Multiplication)
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F Add (XOR) round key
15 A6 88 3C

Key Size # of round

128 10
 AES Schema (4 transformation Steps )[first 9
round]

19 A0 9A E9 AES Structure

3D F4 C6 F8 Byte substitution
E3 E2 8D 48
Shift rows [0,1,2,3]
BE 2B 2A 08
Cipher TEXT
Mix columns
2B 28 AB 09
(Multiplication)
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F Add (XOR) round key
15 A6 88 3C

Key Size # of round

128 10
 AES Schema (4 transformation Steps )[first 9
round]

19 A0 9A E9 AES Structure

3D F4 C6 F8 Byte substitution
E3 E2 8D 48
Shift rows [0,1,2,3]
BE 2B 2A 08
Cipher TEXT
Mix columns
2B 28 AB 09
(Multiplication)
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F Add (XOR) round key
15 A6 88 3C
 Last Round

19 A0 9A E9 AES Structure

3D F4 C6 F8 Byte substitution
E3 E2 8D 48
Shift rows [0,1,2,3]
BE 2B 2A 08
Cipher TEXT
2B 28 AB 09
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F Add (XOR) round key
15 A6 88 3C
 Byte substitution
19 A0 9A E9 D4 E0 B8 1E
3D F4 C6 F8
27 BF B4 41
E3 E2 8D 48
BE 2B 2A 08 11 98 5D 52
column
9 AE F1 E5 30

Row
1
D4
19
 Shift rows [0,1,2,3]

D4 E0 B8 1E D4 E0 B8 1E

27 BF B4 41 BF B4 41 27

11 98 5D 52 5D 52 11 98

AE F1 E5 30 30 AE F1 E5
Mix columns
(Multiplication)
D4 E0 B8 1E 2 3 1 1

BF B4 41 27 1 2 3 1

5D 52 11 98 x 1 1 2 3

30 AE F1 E5 3 1 1 2

D4
BF
5D
x 02 03 01 01 02*D 03*B 01*5 01*3
4 F D 0
30
Mix columns
(Multiplication)
02*D4 03*BF 01*5D 01*30

02*D4 5D 30

(02+01)*BF
02*BF+01*
BF
Mix columns
(Multiplication)

02*D4 D4 11010100

10101000
XOR
1B
00011011

10110011
Mix columns
(Multiplication)

02*BF BF 10111111

01111110
XOR
1B
00011011

01100101
Mix columns
(Multiplication)
02*D4 03*BF 01*5D 01*30

101100
11 5D 30

010111
(02+01)*BF 01
01100101 00110000
+10111111
Mix columns
(Multiplication)

101100 +
04 E0 48 28
11
01100101 66 CB F8 06
+10111111
81 19 D3 26
010111
01 E5 9A 7A 4C

00110000
Add (XOR) round key

04 E0 48 28 A0 88 23 2A

66 CB F8 06 FA 54 A3 6C
x FE 2C 39 76
81 19 D3 26

E5 9A 7A 4C 17 B1 39 05
Result (First Round)

A4 68 6B 02

9C 9F 5B 6A

7F 35 EA 50

F2 2B 43 49
Key Generation Steps (Col
1)
Key
2B 28 AB 09
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F
15 A6 88 3C
Key Generation Steps (Col
1)
Key
2B 28 AB 09
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F
15 A6 88 3C

Step 1 Select Last column

09
CF
4F
3C
Key Generation Steps (Col
1)
Key
2B 28 AB 09
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F
15 A6 88 3C

Step 2 rotate word

09 CF
CF 4F
4F 3C
3C 09
Key Generation Steps (Col
1)
Key
2B 28 AB 09
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F
15 A6 88 3C

Step 3 sub byte (Using Sbox)

09 CF 8a
CF 4F 84
4F 3C Eb
3C 09 01
Key Generation Steps (Col
1)
Key
2B 28 AB 09
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F
15 A6 88 3C

Step 4 XOR Rcon XOR First Col )

8a A0
2B
01 FA
84
Eb x 00
00
x 7E
15 = FE
01 17
16
00
Key Generation Steps (Col
2)
Key
2B 28 AB 09
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F
15 A6 88 3C

COL 1 XOR COL 0 (NEW )

A0 28 A0 88
FA AE FA 54
FE x D2 = FE 2C
17 A6 17 B1
Key Generation Steps (Col
3)
Key
2B 28 AB 09
7E AE F7 CF
15 D2 15 4F
15 A6 88 3C

COL 2 XOR COL 1 (NEW )

88 AB A0 88
54 F7 FA 54
2C x 15 = FE 2C
B1 88 17 B1