Braking System of a 3-
Phase Induction Motor
This presentation will cover the principles, types, and maintenance
of braking systems for three-phase induction motors, essential for
safe and efficient operation. We'll explore various methods,
including regenerative, plugging, and dynamic braking, along with
practical repair techniques and safety considerations.
Introduction to Braking Systems
1 Speed Control
Braking systems are essential for regulating the speed
of electric motors, preventing overspeeding and
ensuring safe operation.
2 Safe Operation
These systems bring motors to a controlled stop, a
crucial aspect of safety and damage prevention.
3 Energy Efficiency
Efficient braking significantly improves the overall
energy efficiency of motor operation.
Principles of Braking in IM
1 1. Counter-Electromotive Force (CEMF) 2 2. Energy Conversion
Effective braking relies on generating a counter- The motor's kinetic energy is transformed into
electromotive force (CEMF) to oppose the motor's either heat (through resistance) or fed back into
rotation. the power system (regenerative braking).
Types of Braking Systems
Regenerative Plugging
Energy is fed back to the Motor is reversed to create
power source. braking torque.
Dynamic
Energy is dissipated through resistors.
Regenerative Braking
1 1. Deceleration
The motor begins to slow down.
2 2. Kinetic Energy Conversion
Kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy.
3 3. Energy Capture
The electrical energy is captured.
4 4. System Powering/Storage
The recovered energy is used to power other systems or
stored for later use.
This process enhances efficiency, resulting in reduced overall system
energy consumption.
Plugging Braking
Phase Reversal
Reversing the motor's phase sequence generates a
braking torque.
Simple Implementation
Relatively simple to implement, but can cause high
motor currents.
Limited Use
Suitable for applications with low-inertia loads.
Dynamic Braking
External Resistance
Dissipates braking energy as heat through a resistor.
Controlled Braking
Provides controlled deceleration, minimizing current
fluctuations.
Wide Applicability
Suitable for various motor types and applications.
Self-Excited Braking Using a Capacitor
How it Works
Self-excited braking uses a capacitor to create
braking torque, ideal when external power is
unavailable.
Advantages
• Simple
• Easy to implement
• Cost-effective
Disadvantages
• Less precise braking
• Requires careful capacitor sizing
DC Dynamic Braking
Functionality
DC dynamic braking uses a DC generator to convert the motor's
kinetic energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is then
dissipated as heat in resistors.
Advantages
Controlled and reliable braking.
Suitable for precise deceleration control.
Simple and adaptable system.
Popular choice across diverse motor applications.
Zero Sequence Braking
Method
Injects a zero-sequence current into the stator windings.
Effect
Creates a braking torque to slow the motor.
Advantages
Simple, effective, useful when regenerative braking
isn't feasible.
3-Phase Induction Motor Maintenance
Regular Inspections Cleaning
Regularly inspect brake components for wear, Keep brake components clean by regularly removing
damage, or leaks. debris and contaminants.
Lubrication Component Replacement
Lubricate moving parts according to the Replace worn or damaged components promptly to
manufacturer's recommendations. prevent further issues.
Common Repair Techniques
Adjustments Replacing Components Troubleshooting Electrical
Faults
Adjusting brake shoes/pads for Replacing worn or damaged
proper contact. brake parts. Diagnosing and repairing
electrical braking system issues.
Best Practices and Safety
Considerations
1 Safety First 2 Proper Training
Prioritize safety; wear Ensure technicians
appropriate PPE and receive proper training in
follow safety protocols. maintenance and repair
procedures.
3 Regular Monitoring
Regularly monitor brake system performance for optimal operation.
