UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT- ACADEMIC UNITS

FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING PROGRAMMES
Subject Name : Introduction to Problem Solving
Subject Code: 24CSH-101

Operators DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Introduction to
Problem Solving

Course Objectives

The course aims to provide exposure to problem-

solving through programming.

The course aims to raise the programming skills

of students via logic building capability.

With knowledge of C programming language,

students would be able to model real world
problems.
2
 Course Outcomes
CO Course Outcome
Number

CO1 Remember the concepts related to fundamentals of C language,

draw flowcharts and write algorithm/pseudocode.
CO2 Understand the way of execution and debug programs in C
language.
CO3 Apply various constructs, loops, functions to solve mathematical
and scientific problem.
CO4 Analyze the dynamic behavior of memory by the use of pointers.

CO5 Design and develop modular programs for real world problems
using control structure and selection structure.

3
ASSESSMENT PATTERN
The performance of students is evaluated as follows:

Theory Practical
Continuous Internal Semester End Continuous Internal Semester End
Components Assessment (CAE) Examination (SEE) Assessment (CAE) Examination (SEE)

Marks 40 60 60 40
Total Marks 100 100

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 • Space for visual (size 24)

CONTENTS
• Arithmetic Operator
• Relational Operator
• Logical Operator
• Assignment Operator
• Increment and Decrement
Operator
• Conditional Operator
• Misc Operator
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 Operators
• An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform certain mathematical or
logical manipulations.
• Operators are used in program to manipulate data and variables. The data items
that operators act upon are called operands.
• Some operators require two operands, while others act upon only one operand.
The operators are classified into unary, binary and ternary depending on whether
they operate on one, two or three operands respectively.

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 Types of Operators
1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Relational Operators
3. Logical Operators
4. Assignment Operators
5. Increment and Decrement Operator
6. Bitwise Operators
7. Conditional Operators
8. Some Special Operators

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 Arithmetic Operator
• C programming language provides all basic arithmetic operators: +, -, *, / and %.

Operator Meaning
+ Addition on unary plus
- Subtraction or unary minus
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulo

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 Arithmetic Operator
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b;
printf("enter the value of a and b");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b); //Input the value of a and b
printf("Result of a+b is %d\n",a+b); //Addition of a and b
printf("Result of a-b is %d\n",a-b); //Substraction of and b
printf("Result of a*b is %d\n",a*b); //Multiplication of a and b
printf("Result of a/b is %d\n",a/b); // Division of A/B
printf("Result of a%b is %d\n",a%b); //Remainder of division
return 0;
}
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 Relational Operator
• Relational operator compares between two operands and returns in true and false.
• Operators are as follows:
Operator Meaning
> Greater then
< Less then
>= Greater then equal to
<= Less then equal to
== Equal to
!= Not equal to

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 Relational Operator
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a,b,c;
printf("enter the value of a,b and c");
scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b, &c);
printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, b, a == b);
printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, c, a == c);
printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, b, a > b);
printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, c, a > c);
printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, b, a < b);
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 Relational Operator
printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, c, a < c);
printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, b, a != b);
printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, c, a != c);
printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, b, a >= b);
printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, c, a >= c);
printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, b, a <= b);
printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, c, a <= c);
return 0;
}

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 Logical Operator
• Logical operator is used to compare or evaluate logical and relational expressions.
• Operators are as follows:
Operator Meaning
&& Logical AND
|| Logical OR
! Logical NOT

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 Logical Operator
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,c, result;
printf("enter the value of a,b and c");
scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b, &c);
result = (a == b) && (c > b);
printf("(a == b) && (c > b) is %d \n", result);
result = (a == b) && (c < b);
printf("(a == b) && (c < b) is %d \n", result);
result = (a == b) || (c < b);
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 Logical Operator
printf("(a == b) || (c < b) is %d \n", result);
result = (a != b) || (c < b);
printf("(a != b) || (c < b) is %d \n", result);
result = !(a != b);
printf("!(a != b) is %d \n", result);
result = !(a == b);
printf("!(a == b) is %d \n", result);
return 0;
}

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 Assignment Operator
• Assignment operators are used to assign result of an expression to a variable.
• ‘=’ is the assignment operator in C.
• You can use assignment operator for multiple assignments as follows:
• x=y=z=2;

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 Assignment Operator
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a , c;
printf("Enter the value of a");
scanf("%d",&a);
c = a;
printf("c = %d\n", c);
c += a;
printf("c = %d\n", c);
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 Assignment Operator
c -= a;
printf("c = %d\n", c);
c *= a;
printf("c = %d\n", c);
c /= a;
printf("c = %d\n", c);
c %= a;
printf("c = %d\n", c);
return 0;
}
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 Increment and Decrement Operator

Increment operator(++)
• The increment operator ++ adds 1 to the operand.
• Increment operator are of two types:
 Pre increment
For example x=10; ++x; 11
Post increment
For example x=10; x++; 10

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 Pre-Increment & Pre-Decrement

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b;
printf("enter the value of a,b");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
printf("++a = %d \n", ++a);
printf("--b = %d \n", --b);
return 0;
}
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 Increment and Decrement Operator

Decrement operator(--)
• The decrement operator -- subtracts 1 from the operand.
• Decrement operator are of two types:
 Pre decrement
For example x=10; --x; 9
Post decrement
For example x=10; x--; 10

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 Post-Increment & Post-Decrement
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b;
printf("enter the value of a,b");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
printf("a++ = %d \n", a++);
printf("b-- = %d \n", b--);
return 0;
}
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 Conditional Operator
• Main features of Conditional operator are as follows:
• There are three operands
• It works from left to right.
• The operator pair “?” and “:” is known as conditional operator.
• Syntax: expression1 ? expression2 : expression3 ;
• Condition? True part: False part
• Example: a = 3 ; b = 5 ;
• x = (a > b) ? a : b ;

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 Conditional Operator
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int year;
printf("Enter a year to check if it is a leap year or not \n");
scanf("%d", &year);
(year%4==0 && year%100!=0) ? printf("Leap year") :
((year%400 ==0 ) ? printf("Leap Year") : printf("not a leap year"));
}

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 Conditional Operator

 Use conditional operator to find greatest among three numbers

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 Special Operator
• C programming supports special operators like comma operator, sizeof operator,
pointer operators (& and *) and member selection operators (. and ->). We will
discuss Comma operator and sizeof operator in Unit-1.

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 Comma Operator
• The comma operator can be used to link the related expressions together
• Evaluation of comma operator is from left to right.
For example:
• x = (a = 2, b = 4, a+b)

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 Comma Operator
Example1:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
i = 1,2,3;
printf("i:%d\n",i);
return 0;
}
Output:1
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 Comma Operator
Example2:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
i = (1,2,3);
printf("i:%d\n",i);
return 0;
}
Output: 3
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 Sizeof Operator
• The sizeof operator is usually used with an operand which may be variable,
constant or a data type qualifier.
• It calculates the size of data ie. how many bit a specific data is having.
• Syntax: sizeof(<variable>);
• Example: x = sizeof (a);

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 Sizeof Operator
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a;
float b;
double c;
char d;
printf("Size of int=%lu bytes\n",sizeof(a));
printf("Size of float=%lu bytes\n",sizeof(b));
printf("Size of double=%lu bytes\n",sizeof(c));
printf("Size of char=%lu byte\n",sizeof(d));
return 0;
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 Summary

Important points to remember:

•C operators operates on one or more operands to produce a value.
•The operators that take one operand are called unary operators.
•The operators that require two operands are called binary operators.
•The operator that accepts three operands is called ternary operator. C has
only one ternary operator.
 FAQ’s
Q1. Can math operations be performed on a void pointer?
Q2. Why n++ executes faster than n+1?
Q3. What is a modulus Operators in C?
Q4. What are the restrictions of a modulus operator in C?
Q5. How can we find size of a variable without using sizeof() operator?
Q6. How can we add two numbers in C language without using Arithmetic
operators?

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 Assessment
Q1. Predict the output
int main()
{
int x;
x=10,20,30;
printf("%d",x);
return 0;
}
(A) 10
(B) 20
(C) 30
(D) Compilation Error
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 Assessment
Q2. [Postfix] operator has the highest precedence.
Q3. What will be the output of the C program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 2;
(x & 1) ? printf("true") : printf("false");
return 0;
}
A. Compilation error
B. true
C. false
D. Runtime error
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 Assessment
Q4. Print the output of the program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
int x, y;
x = 2;
y = ++x * ++x;
cout << x << y;
x = 2;
y = x++ * ++x;
cout << x << y;
return 0;
}
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Ans: 41649 36
 Assessment
Q5. Your task is to take two numbers of int data type, two numbers of float data type as input and
output their sum:Declare variables: two of type int and two of type float.Read lines of input
from stdin (according to the sequence given in the 'Input Format' section below) and initialize
your variables.Use the and operator to perform the following operations: Print the sum and
difference of two int variable on a new line.Print the sum and difference of two float variable
rounded to one decimal place on a new line.
Sample Input
10 4
4.0 2.0
Sample Output
14 6
6.0 2.0
Solve the above problem in c.
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 References
S.No Title Content link
1 Book Programming in C by Reema Thareja.
2 Book Programming with C (Schaum's Outline Series) by Byron
Gottfried Jitender Chhabra, Tata McGraw Hill.
3 Book The C Programming Language by Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis
Ritchie, Pearson education.
4 Book Programming in ANSI C by E. Balaguruswamy, Tata McGraw
Hill.
5 Weblink https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_operators.htm

6 Weblink https://www.programiz.com/c-programming
7 Weblink https://fresh2refresh.com/c-programming/
 References
S.No Title Content link
8 Weblink https://www.studytonight.com/c/
9 Weblink https://www.javatpoint.com/c-operators
10 Video Link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9WKOcRB63Q&lis
t=PLJ5C_6qdAvBFzL9su5J-FX8x80BMhkPy1
11 Video Link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTiIiI-LOY8&list=
PLJvIzs_rP6R73WlvumJvCQJrOY3U5zq1j
12 Online Course Link https://www.coursera.org/
13 Online Course Link https://www.udemy.com/

14 Online Course Link https://www.niit.com/

THANK YOU