INDUCTORS

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 Inductors
Inductor is a coil wound on a suitable core.
Opposes sudden change in flow of current in a circuit.
When current flows through a coil it generates a magnetic
field. This magnetic field reacts so as to oppose any change in
the current.
The reaction of the magnetic field trying to keep the current
flow at a steady rate is called inductance.
L=µN2A/l µ-Permeability of the medium
N-Number of turns of the coil
A- Area of cross section of the coil
l- Length of the coil

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 Inductors
Inductors are classified into:
Fixed Inductors
Variable Inductors

Fixed inductors

Variable inductors
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 Inductors
FIXED INDUCTORS:
Fixed inductors are those inductors whose inductance
value cannot be changed.
They are energy storage elements.
It consists of a conducting wire wound on a core. Based
on the type of core material used fixed inductors can be
classified as:
 Air core inductors
 Iron core inductors and
 Ferrite core inductors.

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 Inductors contd….
Air Core Incuctors:
This type of inductor is made by winding a thin copper
wire over a former made of thick card board. Then the
cardboard is pulled out.
It has low value of inductance.
These are suitable for radio frequency
applications (3kHz to 300GHz).

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 Inductors contd….
Iron Core Inductors:
In iron core inductor copper wire is wound on laminated iron core.
Laminated iron core is used to avoid the eddy current losses.
Laminated core consists of thin iron sheets insulated from each other.
Very stable for audio frequency applications (20Hz to 20kHz).
Powdered Iron Core Inductors:
They are used in high frequency applications.
They have low core losses at any given frequency
and low permeability.

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 Ferrite Core Inductor:
In this type, conducting wire is wound on a solenoid core
made of ferromagnetic material called ferrite.
It has high magnetic permeability and low electrical
conductivity.
Used -as ferrite rod antenna for medium wave (MW) receivers
(300kHz to 3000kHz).

- for power transformers working in low frequency

range(1-200kHz).
- in switching circuits.

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 VARIABLE INDUCTORS
In variable inductors the inductance value can be varied.
The most common type of variable inductor is one with a
movable ferromagnetic core, which can be moved in and
out of the coil.
 Moving the core deeper into the coil increases the
permeability, increasing the magnetic field and the
inductance.
Many inductors used in radio applications (usually less
than 100 MHz) use adjustable cores in order to tune such
inductors to their desired value.

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Variable Inductors - construction

Reluctance is varied by using a Reluctance is varied by using a ferrite

threaded screw cup that can be screwed up or down a
that can be screwed up or down polymer cover, within which a coil is
pushing it through the former. wound on a drum.

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Torroidal core inductor
These type of inductors have a torroidal
core which is a circular ring or donut
shaped core.
The core is made of ferromagnetic
material.
Advantage:
• The magnetic field is contained within the core
& there is very low magnetic flux leakage.
• This increases the inductance of the torroidal
core inductor, higher than the rod or bar
shaped inductors of the same material.

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 Applications of Inductors
Fixed inductors are used in transformers, in chokes, filter circuits,
tuning circuits, inductive proximity sensors , SMPS, voltage regulators
and also for over voltage protection.

Variable inductors are used in auto transformers, oscillators for

frequency variation, in
transducers for measurement of force, vibration, displacement etc.

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Thin Film Inductor
 These inductors are designed on a substrate
of thin ferrite or magnetic material.
 A conductive spiral shaped trace of copper is
placed on the top of the substrate.
 The design allows stability and resistance to
vibrations.
 Due to its high accuracy, performance &
compact size it is used in mobile
communication devices, wireless networks
and power supplies.

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Specifications of inductors
Inductance
-Value of an inductor expressed in Henry.
Current rating
-Maximum current the inductor can carry. If the current exceeds its capacity, the
coil may burn out.
Frequency range
-The range of frequencies over which the inductor can be used.
Loss factor
- Reciprocal of the quality factor and indicates the losses across the winding
resistance of the coil.

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Previous questions
1. What are the specifications of an inductor?
2. Write note on different types of inductors.
3. Mention the applications of inductors.

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12/14/2024 Thank You