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Data-Fragmentation

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29 views

Data-Fragmentation

Uploaded by

bunnybro2953
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Fragmentation in

Distributed Database
Management Systems
(DDBMS)
.
Introduction to Data Fragmentation

What is Fragmentation? Why Fragment?

Fragmentation in a Distributed In a distributed system, data is


Database (DDB) refers to spread across multiple locations.
dividing a database into smaller Fragmentation helps optimize
pieces called fragments to queries, reduce network traffic, and
improve performance, improve processing speed.
scalability, and efficiency. These
fragments are distributed
across different locations or
nodes in the distributed system.
Why Fragment Data?
1 1. Performance 2 2. Network Efficiency
Fragmentation It reduces the amount
optimizes queries by of data transferred
reducing the amount of across the network,
data that needs to be lowering latency and
accessed. improving

3. Parallelism performance.
4. Data Localization
3 4
Data fragmentation Data can be stored
enables parallel closer to the users who
processing, allowing need it, reducing
multiple computers to access time and
work on different data improving efficiency.
fragments
simultaneously.
Types of Data Fragmentation

Horizontal Vertical Fragmentation


Fragmentation
Dividing a table into columns,
Dividing a table into rows grouping related attributes
based on criteria (e.g., for better query
customer data split by performance.
region).

Hybrid Fragmentation
Combines horizontal and vertical approaches for optimized data
management, leveraging both techniques.
Horizontal Fragmentation
Definition Example

• Involves dividing a table into A customer table can be


subsets of rows (tuples) based fragmented horizontally based
on a condition. on geographic location, with
• Each fragment contains only each fragment storing
certain rows that satisfy specific customers from a specific
predicates. region.
Vertical Fragmentation
Definition Example

Involves dividing a table into A product table could be


subsets of columns fragmented vertically, separating
(attributes). frequently accessed attributes
Each fragment contains only like price and description from
certain columns of the table, less frequently accessed
ensuring that primary keys or attributes like detailed
candidate keys are included in specifications.
all fragments for
reconstruction.
Hybrid Fragmentation

Definition Example

• Combines both horizontal and A sales order table might be


vertical fragmentation. horizontally fragmented by
• A table is first divided into customer region and vertically
rows (horizontal fragmented by separating
fragmentation) and then customer information from order
further divided into columns details.
(vertical fragmentation), or
vice versa.
Importance in Distributed
Systems

Improved Performance Reduced Network Traffic


Faster query execution and Less data transferred across
data retrieval due to reduced the network, lowering latency
data access. and improving efficiency.

Parallel Processing Enhanced Reliability


Enables multiple computers to Distributed data fragments
work on different data enhance resilience against
fragments simultaneously, single-point failures.
boosting processing power.
Challenges of Data Fragmentation

Increased Query Complexity


1

Managing Transactions
2
Ensuring consistency across fragmented data.

Data Inconsistencies
3
Maintaining data integrity across multiple fragments.
Conclusion
Data fragmentation is a key technique for managing
data in distributed database systems. Its benefits
include improved query performance, reduced network
traffic, and enhanced system reliability. While there are
challenges, careful planning and implementation can
lead to efficient and scalable data management in
distributed environments.

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