Unit III
Starting methods
DC MOTOR STARTERS
Voltage equation of a DC motor is
V = Eb + IaRa
Ia = (V - Eb) /Ra
A large current flows through the armature
during starting.
This current is large enough to damage the
armature circuit.
DC Motor Starters
3 point starter,
4 point starter,
2 point starter
No-load release coil starter,
Thyristor controller starter .
3 Point starter
'L' Line terminal. (Connected to positive of
supply.)
'A' Armature terminal. (Connected to the
armature winding.)
'F' Field terminal. (Connected to the field
winding.)
Draw backs of 3 Point starter
To increase the speed of the motor field
resistance can be increased.
Therefore current through shunt field is
reduced.
Field current becomes very low which results in
holding electromagnet too weak to overcome the
force exerted by the spring.
.
The holding magnet may release the arm of the
starter during the normal operation of the
motor and thus disconnect the motor from the
line
This is not desirable. A four point starter is thus
used.
4 Point starter
L' Line terminal. (Connected to positive of
supply.)
'A' Armature terminal. (Connected to the
armature winding.)
'F' Field terminal. (Connected to the field
winding.)
Like in the case of the 3 point starter, and in
addition to it there is, a 4th point N. (Connected
to the No Voltage Coil NVC)
4 Point starter
The remarkable difference in case of a 4 point
starter is that the No Voltage Coil is connected
independently across the supply through the
fourth terminal called 'N‘.
2 Point starter
2 Point starter
The start arm is simply moved towards right to
start the motor.
Thus, maximum resistance is connected in series
with the armature during starting
Then gradually decreased as the start arm
moves towards right.
This starter is sometimes also called as a 2 point
starter.
The no load release coil holds the start arm to the
run position and leaves it when the voltage is lost.
Starters for three phase induction
motor
Directly switched ON, motor take 5 to 7 times of
full load current
Damage the motor
High voltage drop in the line
So, starters are necessary
Types of induction motor starters
1. DOL starter
2. Primary resister starter
3. Autotransformer starter
4. Star delta starter
5. Rotor resistance starter
DOL STARTER
PRIMARY RESISTANCE STARTER
Torque vs peed Curves as Function of
Voltage
STAR DELTA STARTER
Star connection of motor
Delta connection of motor
Started with star connection
Run with delta connection
Reduced voltage applied at the time of starting due
to star connection
Full voltage applied to the motor ,when rotor speed
reaches 80% of rated speed with delta connection
AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTER
Operation of autotransformer
Handle at start position
The motor is connected through the auto
transformer
Reduced voltage is applied
Starting current reduced
When the motor gets of 80% of the normal
speed,handle is moved to RUN condition
Then the motor receives full line voltage
advantages
Reduced line current
Smooth starting
High acceleration
Disadvantages
Higher cost
It is used large rated motor only
Over load protection(OLR)
Whenever motor overloaded
The OLR(over load relay coil) is energised
Hence the supply switched OFF
Low voltage protection
When supply voltage goes low or falls
Under voltage relay coil deenergizes and release
the handle to OFF position
ROTOR RESISTANCE STARTER
This starter only used for slip ring motor
External resistance connected in the rotor terminals
Motor always started with full supply voltage
The resitances is gradually cut out of the rotor
circuit as the motor gathers speed
iii Assignment questions
1.Draw and explain the following DC motor starters
a.2 point starter
b.3 point starter
c.4 point starter
2.Draw and explain the following induction motor
starters
a.DOL starter
b.Star delta starter
c.Auto transformer starter
d.Rotor resistance starter
