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35 views17 pages

spectroscopy_and_flame_tests副本

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Test
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Spectroscopy and Flame Tests

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What is spectroscopy?
Spectroscopy is the process of
investigating substances using
electromagnetic radiation.

There are many different


spectroscopic techniques, each
using a different frequency of
electromagnetic radiation,
including UV and visible light,
infrared, radio waves and X-rays.

Spectroscopy allows chemists to


identify elements and investigate the detailed structure of
compounds (including bonding and atom arrangement).

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How do chemists use spectroscopy?
Spectroscopic techniques are often the first thing a chemist
will use in the analysis of a new chemical.
When they find an interesting natural
product, such as a molecule from tree
bark which may have anti-cancer
applications, they need to
understand its structure.
When chemists carry out a reaction,
they need to find out what they have
made, and spectroscopy is the quickest
and most reliable way of doing so.
Spectroscopy has helped chemists discover new elements,
including rubidium and caesium.

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (ABS) is a technique that
allows elements to be identified, and their concentration
measured down to just a few parts per billion.
ABS has many uses:
 environmental chemistry – to analyse
pollutant concentrations in air and water
 medicine – to analyse concentrations of
toxic chemicals in blood and urine
 building – to check for impurities in
concrete and steel
 mining – to check how much
metal is in an ore.

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How does spectroscopy work?
All spectroscopy uses the principle that electromagnetic
radiation can be absorbed by atoms and molecules. Different
parts of a molecule absorb different frequencies of radiation:

electromagnetic absorbed by spectroscopic


radiation technique
radio waves protons in nuclei nuclear magnetic
resonance
spectroscopy
ultra violet and electrons in atoms atomic absorption
visible light spectroscopy
infrared electrons in bonds infrared
spectroscopy

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How does IR spectroscopy work?

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MRI and NMR
Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) scans are
often used in hospitals to
provide images of bone and
tissue. The images are made
by investigating the nuclei of
atoms with radio waves.

Nuclear magnetic resonance


spectroscopy (NMR) is
another name for MRI.

Why do you think doctors


choose to use the term
MRI instead of NMR?

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Spectroscopy: summary

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Making fireworks
Many metal ions are used to give colour to fireworks.

Metal ions can be identified by the colours of their flames.

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How do flame tests work?

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How to carry out a flame test

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Identifying metal ions

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Glossary

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Multiple-choice quiz

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