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27 views15 pages

08CBDRM-psy

Uploaded by

uyen
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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15/11/2024

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Sustainable Urban
Policy I
Individual thinking & Group
discussion
• You are highly aware of the potential for disasters and wish to encourage
a friend who has not made any preparations for disaster management.
• How can you enhance his/her motivation to prepare?
• Please think and discuss what (mental aspects) should be
changed/increased, etc. and how to change/increase it.

• Individual thinking: 3min


• Group discussion: 10min
Please itemize each important mental aspects and intervention to change/increase.
• Brief explanation: 1min

2
Elaboration Likelihood Model
(ELM)
• People treat information more elaborately that is
relevant to themselves, leading to elaborate the
information and change their attitudes. On the
other hand, if the information is not related, they
refrain from the above.

Fear appeal communication


Normalcy bias

3
https://www.thephuketnews.com/philip-morris-
says-to-fight-thai-tax-evasion-charges-42214.php
4
Theory of Reasoned Action
(TRA)
• Prediction behaviors based on individual attitude toward
the behavior and evaluation from others (around them)
on behaviors to be taken.

Challenges to explain behaviors that are taken based on


self-sacrifice and behaviors against disasters in
which the benefit is not sure while the cost is obvious.

5
Theory of planned behavior (TpB)
(Ajzen, 1991)
Characteristics: This theory
pays attention to “Intention”
that appears before behavior.
Plus, it incorporate resources
needed for the behavior .

Disadvantage: It can be
applied only to the process in
which intention and behavior
correspond.
6
Risk as Feeling Model (Loewenstein, et al.
2001)
Subjective emotion and expectation to results affect
attitude.

7
Person-Relative-to-Event (PrE)
Theory
(Mulilis, et al. 1990)

• Level of appraised threat relative to person


• Self-efficacy
• Personal responsibility

8
Group discussion
Objective: Applying theories/models to fields

Please apply relevant theories to each of your itemized


psychological aspects. Clearly specify which theory or
part of a theory was incorporated into each item.

• 10min: Discussion
• 1min: Explanation

9
Nudge
=prod (someone) gently with one's elbow in order to attract
attention (Oxford Languages)

=refers to a choice architecture (i.e., how decisions are


presented and framed) that alters individuals’ behaviors
indirectly toward a desired direction without punishment
or economic incentives (Thaler& Sunstein, 2008).
from Behavioral Economics

10
https://info.mukogawa-u.ac.jp/publicity/newsdetail?
https://
id=3493
travel.watch.impress.co.jp/
docs/news/1205276.html 11
Some other examples
• Placement of Products in Stores: How products are
placed in a departmental store affects the purchasing
behavior of customers.
• The Default Option: Another kind of nudge is the
default option, which is the option that a user
automatically receives when they do nothing.
• Social Proof Heuristic: We look at the behavior of
other people to guide our behavior, and this is the basis
of another technique of nudging..
https://helpfulprofessor.com/nudge-theory/#:~:text=A%20Nudge%20to%20Eat%2
0Healthily,seeks%20to%20indirectly%20encourage%20people
.
12
Issues on Nudge
• Will it really increase the welfare of people?
• Will it really respect dignity of people?
• Will it harm autonomy of people?
• Will it secure self government?

Nagamatsu (2020)

13
Challenges to promote behavior
• How about long-term effects? (Unagami, et al. 2012)
How can we sustain the intention?

• Need to focus intention?


Intention is needed? Without intention, how we behave for
disaster preparedness?

• How to increase (intervene)?


Policy Science needs policy recommendations. How
Psychological findings lead to the recommendations?
14
References
• Ajzen, I. (1991). ‘The theory of planned behavior’ “Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes” 50(2), pp.179-211.
• Mulilis J-P., & Lippa R.A. (1990). Behavioral change in earthquake preparedness due to negative
threat appeals: a test of protection motivation theory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20,
619–638.
• Loewenstein, G., Weber, E., U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological
Bulletin, 127, 267-286.
• Nagamatsu Shingo (2020) 4 Policy Paradigms on Emergency Evacuation in Disaster, Journal of
Disaster Information Studies, 18(2), 159-164. (in Japanese)
• Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and
happiness. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
• Unagami, T., Kouda, S., Okamura, S. and Horita, T. (2012). Overview of Intention-Action Gap in
Disaster Prevention Behavior. Bulletin of Aichi Institute of Technology, 47, 59-67. (in Japanese)

15

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