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464 views31 pages

VLSI-PPT (1)

Uploaded by

abusint45
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BULE HORA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER
ENGINEERING

Course Code: CsEg 3121 Course Name : VLSI DESIGN


Offering to the students:
Degree Program : B.Sc in Computer Science and Engineering
College of Computing and Informatics , Dept of CSE
Academic Year :2024-25 (2017) Year : III Semester : I

Course offered by : Dr.B.DORASWAMY


Mobile: 0949664089 email: [email protected]
Office: B 104 , G+2 Consultation Hrs : Other than your class hours
VLSI DESIGN
Prerequisite:
Basic Knowledge of Electronic Circuits and Digital System Design

Objectives
 to learn basics CMOS circuits
 to understand the principles of CMOS-VLSI technology
 to program for design of circuits
VLSI
 VLSI stands for Very Large Scale Integration
It is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC)
by
combining thousands of transistors into a single silicon
chip
 an IC also called chip Transistors:
- Bipolar
- MOSFET
VLSI INTRODUCED BY

Hardware Company : INTEL CORPORATION in


1970s

VLSI Design Flow:


A design flow of VLSI is the sequence of process or
steps involved in making of an integrated circuit
(IC)
TYPES OF VLSI(ICS)

Based on number of transistors used in a single chip, they


are classified into
• SSI – Small Scale Integration (0 – 100 transistors)
• MSI – Medium Scale Integration (100 - 1000)
• LSI – Large Scale Integration (1000 – 10^5)
• VLSI – Very Large Scale Integration (10^5 – 10^7)
• ULSI – Ultra Large Scale Integration ( >= 10^7
transistors)
MOORE’S LAW

“The number of transistors on an integrated circuit


will double for every 18 months”
VLSI APPLICATIONS

• Microprocessors
• Personal Computers
• Microcontrollers
• Memory – DRAM / SRAM
• Special Purpose Processors – ASICS (CD players, DSP Applications)
• Optical switches
• Voice and Data Communications networks
• Digital Signal Processing
• Commercial Electronics
• Automobiles
• Medicine field ..etc
ADVANTAGES OF VLSI TECHNOLOGY

• Reduces the size of the circuits


• Reduces the cost of the devices
• Increase operating speed of circuits
• Less power consumption
• High reliability
• Occupies less space
WHY VLSI DESIGN?
VLSI DESIGN STYLES
• PLD - Programmable Logic Device. It is an electronic component
used to build reconfigurable digital circuits.
• Examples of a PLD are logic gates, multiplexers, demultiplexers,
arithmetic circuits etc

• PAL – Programmable Array Logic. It is commonly used to create


custom logic circuit efficiently. Custom logic means logic created
by a user and added to design

• PAL consists of small Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)


and additional out put logic used to implement a particular
desired logic function with limited components
• PLA – Programmable Logic Array. It has programmable
connections for both AND and OR arrays. It is most flexible type
of PLD

• SPLD – Simple Programmable Logic Device. It is a type of device


used in digital systems to perform custom functions with logic
gates and programming
• They are typically made up of a flip-flop and some combinational
logic like AND and OR gates
• CPLD – Complex Programmable Logic Device. It is a type of PLD
that is used to implement complex digital circuits in digital
systems. They are programmed using Hardware Description
• FPGA – Field Programmable Gate Array. It is a type of integrated
circuit that can be reconfigured after manufacturing to perform
different functions
• ASIC – Application Specific Integrated Circuit. It is a custom-
designed chip that performs a specific task
• SoC : System-on-Chip. It is a integrated circuit that integrates
most or all components of a computer on to a single chip
LOGIC CIRCUITS
CPLD ARCHITECTURE

CPLD consists of 50 to 200 gates


GENERAL FPGA ARCHITECTURE
ASIC VS FPGA
ASIC VS FPGA
VLSI DESIGN FLOW & TOOLS
CMOS INVERTER CIRCUIT
CMOS INVERTER OPERATION
MOS TECHNOLOGY

• VLSI technology uses MOS transistors to fabricate Integrated Circuits (ICs)


• MOS stands for Metal-Oxide Semiconductor/Silicon (MOS) Technology
• It is one of the important and promising technology in the VLSI design
process
• The circuit design are realized based on pMOS, nMOS and CMOS devices
• MOSFET is a Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
• MOSFET can be operated in depletion mode and enhancement mode
• pMOS/PMOS transistor is a p-channel enhancement mode MOSFET
• nMOS/NMOS transistor is a n-channel enhancement mode MOSFET
• CMOS is Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor transistor . It is a
MOS TECHNOLOGY

 MOS technology is one of the important and promising


technology in the VLSI design process
 The circuit designs are realized based on pMOS, nMOS and CMOS
devices
MOS TRANSISTORS

• MOS transistors are Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect


Transistors(MOSFETs)
• MOSFETs are made up of three terminals namely gate(G), source(S)
and drain(D)
• These are used as either amplifiers or voltage controlled switches
• They are used in the design of VLSI
• There are TWO types of MOSFETs
• P-channel MOSFET(called pMOS): majority charge carriers are holes
• N-channel MOSFET (called nMOS) : majority charge carriers are

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