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Normalisation

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Padma Sharadha
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1 views

Normalisation

Uploaded by

Padma Sharadha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normalisation

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Introduction to Normalisation

Normalisation is the process of


organizing data in a database to
reduce redundancy and improve data
integrity.

It involves breaking down a large


table into smaller, related tables to
minimize data duplication.

Normalisation helps in eliminating


anomalies and inconsistencies in the
database.
Benefits of Normalisation

Improves data integrity by reducing


redundancy and inconsistencies.

Enhances database performance by


reducing the amount of data to be
stored and retrieved.

Simplifies data maintenance and


updates by organizing data in a
structured manner.
Levels of Normalisation

First Normal Form (1NF) involves


eliminating repeating groups and
ensuring each field contains atomic
values.

Second Normal Form (2NF) eliminates


partial dependencies by ensuring all
non-key attributes depend on the
entire primary key.

Third Normal Form (3NF) eliminates


transitive dependencies by ensuring
all non-key attributes depend only on
the primary key.
Fourth and Fifth Normal Form

Fourth Normal Form (4NF) deals with


multi-valued dependencies and
ensures each attribute is fully
dependent on the primary key.

Fifth Normal Form (5NF) addresses


join dependencies and ensures all join
dependencies are implied by the
candidate keys.

Your third bullet


Common Normalisation Techniques

Denormalisation is the reverse


process of normalisation where
redundancy is intentionally introduced
to improve performance.

Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is a


stricter form of 3NF that eliminates all
non-trivial functional dependencies.

Domain-Key Normal Form (DK/NF)


ensures that all constraints are
expressed in terms of keys and
domains.
Considerations for Normalisation

Normalisation is not always necessary


and should be balanced with
performance considerations.

Over-normalisation can lead to


complex queries and reduced
performance.

It is essential to understand the


nature of the data and the
requirements of the database before
deciding on the level of normalisation.
Conclusion

Normalisation is a crucial database


design process that improves data
integrity and consistency.

By following normalisation principles,


databases can be structured
efficiently for optimal performance.

Understanding the different normal


forms and applying them
appropriately is key to creating a well-
organized and efficient database.

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