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20230824131516_COMP6828001_2023_Session 01_Introduction to Software (1)

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16 views33 pages

20230824131516_COMP6828001_2023_Session 01_Introduction to Software (1)

Uploaded by

Adhelia Putri
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

SOFTWARE
COMP6828001 – INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
SESSION 01

UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA

SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT


Kenny Jingga, S.Kom., M.T.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

These slides have been adapted from Roger


Pressman and Bruce Maxim. (2020). Software
Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. 9th E.
McGraw- Hill. New York. ISBN: 9781259872976.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

LO 1: Identify the core concepts of software and


software engineering
SUBTOPICS

• What is Software?
• Software Application Domains
• Legacy Software
• Evolution of Software
WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
NATURE OF SOFTWARE
DEFINING SOFTWARE

Software is:

1. Instructions (computer programs) that when executed provide desired features, function, and
performance;

2. Data structures that enable the programs to adequately manipulate information;


3. Descriptive information in both hard copy and virtual forms that describes the operation and use
of the programs.
NATURE OF SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE CHARACTERISTICS

• Software is a logical rather than a physical system element


• One fundamental characteristic  Software doesn’t “wear out”
• But, software does deteriorate
• From the moment that software development begins and long before the first version is
delivered, changes may be requested by a variety of different stakeholders

• As changes are made  it is likely that errors will be introduced, and failure rate can
increase

• Software is deteriorating due to change


NATURE OF SOFTWARE
THINGS TO DISCUSS!

Why can changes cause software to deteriorate? Are all changes bad for
software? Discuss!
SOFTWARE APPLICATION
DOMAINS
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Seven broad categories of computer software present continuing challenges for software
engineers:

• System software
• Application software
• Engineering/scientific software
• Embedded software
• Product-line software
• Web/mobile applications
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
SYSTEM SOFTWARE

• A collection of programs written to service other programs.


• Some processes complex, but determinate, information structures  compilers, editors,
and file management utilities.

• Others process largely indeterminate data  operating system components, drivers,


networking software, telecommunications processors.
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
EXAMPLE SYSTEM SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

• Stand-alone programs that solve a specific business need.


• Applications in this area process business or technical data in a way that facilitates
business operations or management/technical decision making.
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
ENGINEERING/SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE

• A broad array of “number-crunching” or data science programs that range from


astronomy to volcanology, from automotive stress analysis to orbital dynamics, from
computer-aided design to consumer spending habits, and from genetic analysis to
meteorology
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
EXAMPLE OF ENGINEERING/SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
EMBEDDED SOFTWARE

• Resides within a product or system and is used to implement and control features and
functions for the end user and for the system itself

• Embedded software can perform limited and esoteric functions  keypad control for a
micro-wave oven

• Embedded software also provide significant function and control capability  digital
functions in an automobile such as fuel control, dashboard displays, and
braking systems
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
EXAMPLE OF EMBEDDED SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
PRODUCT-LINE SOFTWARE

• Composed of reusable components and designed to provide specific capabilities for use by
many different customers

• Focus on a limited and esoteric marketplace  inventory control products


• Focus on an attempt to address the mass consumer market
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT-LINE SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
WEB/MOBILE APPLICATIONS

• Spans a wide array of applications and encompasses browser-based apps, cloud


computing, service-based computing, and software that resides on mobile devices
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
EXAMPLE OF WEB/MOBILE APPLICATIONS
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SOFTWARE

• Makes use of heuristics (employes a practical method or “rule of thumb” not guaranteed
to be perfect, but sufficient for task at hand) to solve complex problems that are not
amenable to regular computation or straightforward analysis

• The applications include robotics, decision-making systems, pattern recognition (image


and voice), machine learning, theorem proving, and game playing
SOFTWARE APPLICATION DOMAINS
EXAMPLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SOFTWARE
LEGACY SOFTWARE
LEGACY SOFTWARE
WHY MUST SOFTWARE CHANGE?

• Software must be adapted to meet the needs of new computing environments or


technology.

• Software must be enhanced to implement new business requirements.


• Software must be extended to make it interoperable with other more modern systems or
databases.

• Software must be re-architected to make it viable within a network environment.


EVOLUTION OF SOFTWARE
EVOLUTION OF SOFTWARE
50 YEARS OF SOFTWARE

• Initially, software engineering emerged as a distinct field, was recognized as a branch of science
and technology, and joined the pantheon of professions devoted to engineering.

• Software evolution growing from “a small discipline in 1968, with a restricted number of experts,
into a mass industry”

• Software has become part of physical reality; it changes and enhances physical reality.

• In 1968, most of the software was running on mainframes, not on a network, was not directly
connected to the processes of the real world and was therefore quite separated from those.

• Nowadays, software is tightly coupled with physical processes and controls a lot of technical and
social activities around the world.
EVOLUTION OF SOFTWARE
THE EMERGENCE OF TRENDS IN SOFTWARE AND THE DEVELOPMENT
EVOLUTION OF SOFTWARE
THE CHANGING ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
EVOLUTION OF SOFTWARE
THE CHANGING ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY

• In the early 1960s, IT departments played a supporting role in businesses to reduce


costs and make operations more efficient.

• Now, IT is a cross-department activity that has given rise to such terms as DevOps and
DesignOps.

• Agile software development has led the way, and now the DevOps and DesignOps
movements are hitting the mainstream.
REFERENCES

• Roger Pressman and Bruce Maxim. (2020). Software


Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. 9th E. McGraw- Hill.
New York. ISBN: 9781259872976.

• Ian Sommerville. (2016). Software Engineering. 10. Pearson.


England. ISBN: 978-1-292-09613

• 50 Years of Software: https://www.computer.org/publications/tech-


news/trends/50-years-of-software
ANY QUESTIONS?
COMP6828001 - INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA

July 2023

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