KEY CONCEPT OF

FUNCTIONS
Q1- Week 1
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected
to:

› represent real-life situations using functions,

including piece-wise functions (M11GM-Ia-1);
› evaluate different functions (M11GM-Ia-2);
› perform the different types of operations on
function (M11GM-Ia-3); and
› solve various problems involving functions (M11GM-
Ia-4).
Represent Real-life
Situations Using
Functions, including
Piece-wise Functions
(M11GM-Ia-1)
RELATION VS FUNCTION
RELATIONS FUNCTIONS
A relation is a rule that relates values A function is a relation where each
from a set of values (domain) to a element in the domain is related to only
second set of values (range). one value in the range by some rule.

The elements of the domain can be The elements of the domain can be
imagined as input to a machine that imagined as input to a machine that
applies a rule to these inputs to applies a rule so that each input
generate one or more outputs. corresponds to only one output.

A relation is also a set of ordered pairs A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y)
(x,y). such that no two ordered pairs have the
same x-value but different y-values.
RELATION – set of ordered pairs

› The set of all first elements of the ordered pairs is

called domain of the relation. (x)

› The set of all second elements of the ordered pairs

is called range. (y)

› One-to-one relation

› Many-to-one relation
FUNCTION

› is a relation or rule of correspondence between two

elements (domain and range) such that each
element in the domain corresponds to exactly one
element in the range.
Given the following ordered pairs, which relations
are functions?

1. A= {(-1,2), (-2,3), (-3,4), (-4,5)}

2. B= {(2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}

3. C= {(3,0), (0,3), (-3,0), (0,-3)}

4. D= {(a,b), (b,c), (c,d), (a,d)}

What are the domains of each ordered pairs?

From the given table of values, which
relation shows a function?
› A. x 1 2 3 4 5
y 3 6 9 12 15

x 4 3 2 1 0
›B.
y -8 -3 -3 -3 2

›C. x 0 -2 5 -2 4
y 5 7 3 -2 14
On the following mapping diagrams,
which do you think represent functions?

X
May Ben b
a x
Cess John Y
y
Jan Cris c
Z b z
VERTICAL LINE TEST
› A graph of a relation is a function if
any vertical line drawn passing
through the graph intersects it at
exactly one point.
Using the vertical line test, can you
identify the graph/s of function?
Using the vertical line test, can you
identify the graph/s of function?
SETS (Roster Notation)
› 1. {(2,3), (4,5), (5,6), (6,7)}
› 2. {(3,3), (4,5), (5,5), (5,4)}
Activity 1. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. What is a function?
a. Set of inputs and outputs
b. Set of x-values and y-values
c. Every input has only ONE output
d. Inputs have different outputs every time
Activity 1. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
2. Which of the following set of values is a function?
a. {(2,3), (4,-3), (6,4), (8,8)}
b. {(2,-2), (5,9), (5,-7), (1,4)}
c. {(6,-5), (7,-3), (8,-1), (8,1)}
d. {(9,5), (10,5), (11,-5), (11,-5)
Activity 1. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
3. What do you call the y-values or outputs of a
function?
a. Range
b. Domain
c. Function
d. Relation
Activity 1. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
4. What do you call the x-values or inputs of a
function?
a. Range
b. Domain
c. Function
d. Relation
Activity 1. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
5. Which graph in the image below does not pass the
vertical line test?
a. b.

c. d.
Piecewise Function
PIECEWISE FUNCTION

› means that we do not only use one formula inorder

to solve a problem, rather we use more than one
formula.
EXAMPLES

1. A user is charged P300 monthly for a particular

mobile plan, which includes 100 free text messages.
Messages in excess of 100 are charged P1 each.
Represent the amount a consumer pays each month
as a function of the number of messages m sent in a
month.
Solution:

t(m)= 300, if 0 ˂ m ≤ 100

300+m if m ˃ 100
EXAMPLES

2. A jeepney ride costs P8 for the first 4kilometers,

and each additional integer kilometer adds P1.50 to
the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the
jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers.
Solution:

f(d)= 8 if 0 ˂ d ≤ 4km
8+1.50 if d ˃ 4km
› The SSG Organization plans to sell cupcakes to raise
a fund. A bakery charges them P15.00 for the first
100 cupcakes. After the first 100 cupcakes they
purchase up to 150 cupcakes the bakery reduces
the price to P13.50 per cupcake. After they
purchased150 cupcakes, the price lower to P10.00
per cupcake. Write a function that models this
situation.
› .Let P = number of pieces of cupcakes
› C = the price of cupcake
› .Let P = number of pieces of cupcakes
› C = the price of cupcake
› P(C) = 15 if 0 ˂ C ≤100
13.50C if 100 ˂C ≤ 150
10.00C if C˃150
EXERCISE 1
1. The wage of the certain job is thirty pesos per
hour. Try to find the wages equivalent to the first 5
hours. Let x be represents the number of working
hours, and f(x) as the total amount earned. Write
the function that shows the relationship.
A. 𝑓(𝑥)=30+𝑥
B. 𝑓(𝑥)=30+5𝑥
C. 𝑓(𝑥)=30𝑥
D. 𝑓(𝑥)= 5𝑥
EXERCISE 1
2. A person is earning P500 per day to do a certain
job. Express the total salary S as a function of the
number n of days that the person works.
A. S(n)=500+n
B. S(n)=500+2n
C. S(n)=500n
D. S(n)=500-n
REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS
USING RATIONAL
FUNCTIONS
› The local barangay received a budget of P100,000
to provide medical check-ups for the children in the
barangay. The amount is to be allotted equally
among all the children in the barangay. Write an
equation representing the allotted amount per child
(y-variable) versus the total number of children (x-
variable).
Y = 100,000
x
 Fill-up the table below with the different allotment
amounts for different values for the number of
children.
No. of
childre 10 20 50 100 200 300 500 1000
n (x)

Allocate 10,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 500 333.33 200 100

d
amount
(y)
› The local barangay received a budget of P100,000
to provide medical check-ups for the children in the
barangay. The amount is to be allotted equally
among all the children in the barangayA
philanthropist wants to supplement the budget
budget allotted for each child by providing an
additional P750 for each child in the barangay.
› If g(x) represents the new amount allotted for each
child, construct a function representing this
relationship.
g(x) = 100,000 + 750
x
 Fill-up the table below with the different allotment
amounts for different values for the number of
children.
No. of
childre 10 20 50 100 200 300 500 1000
n (x)

Allocate 10,750 5,750 2,750 1,750 1,250 1,083.3 950 850

d 3
amount
(y)
RATIONAL FUNCTION
› Rational function of the form

f(x) = q(x)

are polynomial functions and q(x) is not

the zero function.
The domain of f(x) is the set of all values
of x where q(x) ≠0.
RATIONAL FUNCTION
› 1. An object is to travel a distance of 10
meters. Express velocity v(t) of travel
time, in seconds.
t 1 2 3 4 5
(seconds)
v (meters 10 5 3.33 2.5 2
per
second)

› The function v(t) = can represent v as a

function of t.
RATIONAL FUNCTION
2. Suppose that c(t) = (in mg/ml)
represents the concentration of a drug in
a patient’s bloodstream t hours after the
drug was administered. Construct a table
of values for c(t) for t = 1,2,5,10. Round
your answers to three decimal places.
Use the table to sketch a graph and
interpret the results.
RATIONAL FUNCTION
Solution:
t 0 1 2 5 10

c(t) 0 2.5 2 0.9615 0.495

EXERCISE 1.
The distance from Manila to Baguio is
around 250 kilometers.
a. How long will it take you to get to
Baguio if your average speed is 25
kilometers per hour? 40km/h?
50km/h?
b. Construct a function (s), where the
speed of travel, that describes the
time it takes to drive from Manila to
Baguio.