CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGERIAL FEATURES

 PODSCRB Planning

 PODSCORB Organizing

Directing

Staffing

Coordinating

Reporting

Budgeting
 Planning Innovating
 Organising Representing
 Directing
 Controlling
WHY PLANNING?
 Decides the objective of the task
 Setting goals
 Assigning work to every division of the
organization
 Planning may be of shorter periods or long
term projects.
 Ex: class time table is also part of planning
where all the subjects are allotted to take
place in a specified duration.
IN SHORT:
 Planning is finding the proper answers
for questions like
How Who
Why

Where
When What
ORGANIZING
 "Organising is the process
of identifying and
grouping the work to be
performed defining and delegating
responsibility and authority, and
establishing relationships for the
purpose of enabling people
to work most effectively together in
accomplishing objectives.
 By Louis Allen
IN AN ORGANIZATION
 Get the people together to work. Arranging
people to work is referred to as staffing.
Each Job is assigned by a manager to a
proper person
 There should always be an alternative for
people retiring, dying, continuously leaving
and for many other reasons.
 The necessary positions must be filled.
 Arrange for proper resources
 Provide necessary tools and raw materials
 While organizing it should be properly
thought what type of organization to be
formed.
 Ex: Organizations for scientific research
is different from manufacturing
bicycles.
DIRECTING
Counselling

Guiding
Communicat
ing

Motivating
 Manager explains what people working under
him must do
 Manager must guide in such a way that
workers should put their efforts efficiently and
give their best with loyalty to their
organization (Enterprise)
 Financial motivation in terms of salary,
incentives and non financial motivation in
terms of job security can be assured to
workers.
 Efforts put by employees are put together to
reflect a better image of the environment.
CONTROLLING
 Three elements of controlling
1. Establishing standards of performance
2. Measuring Current performance and
comparing it against the established
standards
3. Taking action to correct any
performance that does not meet the
standards.
WHY CONTROLLING IS A MUST?
 It is a measure of progress of an
organization
 Assurance of right things happening in
a right time
 If the task does not meet the
standards, it helps in taking corrective
actions.
WHAT IS BEING GOAL ORIENTED??
 Be focused, Because your existence
matters.
MANAGEMENT IS UNIVERSAL
 It is the most common and essential
element in all enterprises.
 Principals of management are
applicable to all the organizations and
organizational levels.
 Management is not restricted to a
country or an individual. It is
transferrable.
MANAGEMENT IS AN INTEGRATIVE PROCESS

 Every smallest job of an organization

can be brought together
 As management is a result oriented
process, integrating the performance at
every level is necessary.
 It reflects the coordination of every
individual in an organization.
MANAGEMENT IS A SOCIAL PROCESS
 Better interaction with people
 Being productive
 Human efforts are of utmost
importance
 Manager should be a good leader and
develop good interpersonal skills.
 In terms of management we also call it
soft skills.
BETTER CONNECTIVITY GROWTH
MANAGEMENT IS MULTIDISCIPLINARY
 Multiple areas and departments
 It basically deals with human behavior
 Knowledge from various fields is a
must.
MANAGEMENT IS A CONTINUOUS
PROCESS
 Manufacture, Assess, Package and
deliver
MANAGEMENT IS INTANGIBLE
 Quality evaluation without the physical
presence of the product.
 Cost is difficult to determine
 Ex: Software products, Mobile apps etc
MANAGEMENT IS AN ART AS WELL AS SCIENCE

 Management is a combination of
gaining knowledge and perceiving the
deserving place. Knowledge describes
management as science and skills
required to attain a deserved position is
an art.
 EX: a question “How??” and “WHY??”
 “Why” the process is taking place?? Is
SCIENCE
 “How” the process is carried out is part
of an ART.
MANAGEMENT AS SCIENCE

1. Every research starts with an inquiry. If

an inquiry is systematic and empirical
(scientific proof)
2. Information can be ordered or
analyzed
3. Results are cumulative and
communicable
 Management is an  A word science
attempt to gain denotes knowledge
knowledge but do not
depend on personal as
opinion and pre-  1. Natural or exact
judgement.  2. Behavioural or
 Inquiry to gain
inexact
knowledge is empirical
and not armchair
speculation. (It means Management is a
talking about the topic
behavioural science.
without having a
knowledge about that.)
WHY MANAGEMENT IS AN ART?
 “How” is part of an
inquiry which
explains
management is an
ART.
 Skill is involved in
the process.
 Ex: A painter seeks
desired effect with  Musician composes a
colours using his song with his skills.
own skills
Both examples belong to ART as
there is an application of the skill.
MANAGEMENT AS PROFESSION
 What is code of conduct?
 What is service motive?
 Have you ever heard about MumBai’s
Dabbawala’s?
 What do they do? How do they work?
 They are more than Catereres. One of
the best organizations in India.
MCFARLAND (AN AUTHOR)
 Characteristics of profession
12 INDIAN INSTITUTES OF MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

 Ahemdabad
 Bangalore
 Luckhnow
 Kolkota
 Indore
 Shillong
 Ranchi
 Rohtak
 Raipur
 Udaipur
 Tiruchinapally
 Kojhikode
PETER DRUCKER IS AN AUTHOR OF PRACTICE OF
MANAGEMENT SAYS:

 No greater damage could be done to

our economy or to our society than to
attempt to professionalise
management by licensing manager”
Ex: licensing only to those with degree
IN SUPPORT OF HIS VIEWS
VS
MANAGEMENT AND
ADMINISTRATION
 MANAGEMENT

ADMINISTRATIVE OPERATIVE
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
 Workforce: foreman and white collar
superviser

 Middle level: Department head, sales

manaegers

 Top level: board chairmen and company

heads.
 What are the functions of
 1. Top level management
 2. Middle level management
 3. Supervisory level of management??
PLANNING
 Nature
 Importance
 purpose of planning process
 Objectives
 Types of plans
PLANNING
 Planning: It is the scientific direction to managers
by which objectives will be met with ease.
1. minimizes the risk, reduces uncertainties
surrounding business conditions.
2. Increases the degree of success

3. It establishes Co-ordinate effort in the

organization.
4. It helps managers to organize people &
resources properly. While planning - managerial
function should be performed first.
 Nature or characteristics of planning
 1. Focus in objectives: Plan starts with a goal setting, to think when an
investment is made on procurement of materials.
Being aware of the economic conditions is necessary.
Ex: Think about when will you invest in the share market?
Think about
When? How?
And On what to invest??
 2. It is an intellectual process: The intellectual process requires mental
exercise, fore suing future developments, making forecasts & the
determination of the best course of action.
 3. Planning is a selective process: It involves careful study of analysis
of various alternative courses of action. For alternatives to decide &
make decision it requires to know what is to be done. How it is done,
when it is to be done & by whom it is done.
 4. Planning is pervasive: which is an activity to cover all the levels of
enterprise.

 5. Planning is integrated process: The managerial functions & facilities

other managerial functions like organizing, staffing, directing &
control.
 6. Planning is directed towards efficiency:
Planning is foundation.
 7. Planning is flexible: Planning should be
adaptable to the changes in the environment
 8. First function in the process of management:
 9. It is a decision making process: Decision
making is an integral part of planning; it is
defined as the process of choosing among
alternatives.
 10. It is a continuous process: Constant
monitoring of plans for the progress of
organization.
 Essentials of Good plan
 1. Clearly defined objective.
 2. Simple
 3. Comprehensive
 4. It should be rationale & appropriate.
 5. It should provide proper analysis &
classification
 6. It must be flexible.
 7. Balanced
 8. It must use all available resources &
opportunities to the utmost before
creating new authorities of new resources.
 9. It should be flue from social &
psychological biases of the planners as
well as subordinates.
 10. These should be proper co-ordination
among short term & long term plans.
PLANNING PROCESS
 1. Awareness of opportunities of
problems:
 2. Collecting & analyzing information
 3. Determination of objectives:
 4. Determining planning premises &
constraints
 5. Finding out the alternative courses
action
 6. Evaluation of alternatives & selection
 7. Determining secondary plans
 8. Securing participation of employees.
 9. Providing for follow up & future
evaluation
 Types of plans Planning can be
classified in different forms.
 1. Time
 2. Managerial level
 3. Repetitiveness of operations in firm
 4. Scope.