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Chapter 4 IOS

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14 views

Chapter 4 IOS

Uploaded by

olabelal1995
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Introduction to Cisco

IOS -(Internetwork
Operating System)
Cisco IOS:

Just like a computer a switch or router requires an operating system to support the
hardware. Cisco IOS is the operating system that you will find on the switches and routers
and some other devices like wireless access points.
When you work with Cisco routers and switches you will do most of the configuration using
the CLI (Command Line Interface).
We need:
1- a switch
2- console cable.
3- an application to connect to serial ports
Determining Which Cables to Use When Wiring Devices Together
As soon as you power on the switch this is what it will do:
1. Check the hardware.
2. Locate the Cisco IOS image & load it to the RAM.
3. Locate and apply configuration (if available).

Once the switch is done you finally get to see this message:
Press RETURN to get started!

If the switch does not have a configuration, you'll see the following:
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]:

If you type yes and press enter it will walk you through a wizard where you can configure
some basic settings.

Note:
we'll configure everything ourselves, so we will choose no.
RAM:
Random Access Memory, also called dynamic RAM (DRAM)

RAM has the following characteristics and functions:

Stores routing tables


Holds ARP cache
Holds fast-switching cache
Performs packet buffering (shared RAM)
Maintains packet-hold queues
Provides temporary memory for the configuration file of the router while the router
is powered on
Loses content when router is powered down or restarted

6
NVRAM:

Non-Volatile RAM

NVRAM has the following characteristics and functions:

Provides storage for the startup configuration file.


Retains content when router is powered down or restarted.

7
Flash:

Flash memory has the following characteristics and functions:

Holds the operating system image (IOS).


Allows software to be updated without removing and replacing chips on the processor
Retains content when router is powered down or restarted
Can store multiple versions of IOS software

Is a type of electronically erasable, programmable ROM (EEPROM)

8
ROM

Read-Only Memory

ROM has the following characteristics and functions:

Maintains instructions for power-on self test (POST) diagnostics


Stores bootstrap program and basic operating system software
Requires replacing pluggable chips on the motherboard for software upgrade

9
Interfaces

Interfaces have the following characteristics and functions:

Connect router to network for frame entry and exit


Can be on the motherboard or on a separate module

Types of interfaces:

Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Serial
Loopback
Console
Aux

10
IOS File System Overview

11
Overview of Router Modes:

12
Router Modes

13
User Mode Commands

14
Privileged Mode Commands

NOTE:
There are
many more
commands
available in
privileged
mode.

15
CLI Command Modes

All command-line interface (CLI) configuration changes to a Cisco router are made from the
global configuration mode. Other more specific modes are entered depending upon the
configuration change that is required.

Global configuration mode commands are used in a router to apply configuration


statements that affect the system as a whole.

The following command moves the router into global configuration mode

Router#configure terminal (or config t)


Router(config)#

When specific configuration modes are entered, the router prompt changes to indicate the
current configuration mode.

Typing exit from one of these specific configuration modes will return the router to global
configuration mode. Pressing Ctrl-Z returns the router to all the way back privileged EXEC
mode.
16
Configuring a Router’s Name

A router should be given a unique name as one of the first configuration tasks.

This task is accomplished in global configuration mode using the following commands:

Router(config)#hostname Tokyo
Tokyo(config)#

As soon as the Enter key is pressed, the prompt changes from the default host name
(Router) to the newly configured host name (which is Tokyo in the example above).

17
Configuring a Console Password

Passwords restrict access to routers.


Passwords should always be configured for virtual terminal lines and the console line.

Passwords are also used to control access to privileged EXEC mode so that only authorized
users may make changes to the configuration file.

The following commands are used to set an optional but recommended password on the
console line:

Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#password <password>
Router(config-line)#login

18
Configuring Interfaces

An interface needs an IP Address and a Subnet Mask to be configured.


All interfaces are “shutdown” by default.
The DCE end of a serial interface needs a clock rate.

Router#config t
Router(config)#interface serial 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 200.100.50.75 255.255.255.240
Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000 (required for serial DCE
only)
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int f0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 150.100.50.25 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

On older routers, Serial 0/1 would be just Serial 1 and f0/0 would be e0.
19
s = serial e = Ethernet f = fast Ethernet
Home work 3

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