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LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS

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aldwin petronio
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32 views

LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS

Uploaded by

aldwin petronio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

LANGUAGE OF
MATHEMATICS
Definition of Language

Language is a systematic way of communication


with other people use of sounds or convention
symbols.
Importance of Language

Language was invented to communicate ideas


The language of mathematics was designed:
• numbers
• Sets
• Functions
• Perform operations
Symbols commonly used in Mathemathics

1.The ten digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.


2.Operations : +, -, x, ÷.
3.Sets : U, ∩, ⊂, ⊃.
4.Variables: a,b,c, x and y.
5.Specials symbols: ≤, ≥, π, >, <.
6. Logic symbols : →, ↔, ∨, ∧.
7.Set notations : N, P, Q, R, S
Some important sets are the following:

N = { 1,2,3,….) = the set of natural numbers.


W = {0,1,2,3…} = the set of whole numbers.
A = { …-3,-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3…} = set of integers.
Q = the set of rational numbers
Q’ = the set of irrational numbers
R = set of real numbers
C = set of complex numbers.
The Grammar of Mathematics

• The mathematical notation used for formulas has


its own grammar, not dependent on a specific
natural language; but shared intentionally by
mathematicians regardless of their mother
tongues,
Characteristics of the Mathematics Language

• Precise (able to make very fine distinctions )


• Concise (able to say things briefly )
• Powerful(able to express complex thoughts
with relative ease. )
Difficulties

• The word “is”


could mean equality, inequality, or
member in a set.
• Different use of a number (cardinal, ordinal, nominal,
and ratio)
• Mathematical object may be represented in many
ways such as sets
• The words “and” and “or” mean differently in
mathematics from its English use.
Mathematical Language
and Symbol:
The Language of Sets
Sets
A set is a well defined collection of distinct objects.
• It is usually represented by capital letters.
• The objects of a set are separated by commas.
• The objects that belong in a set are the elements, or
members of the set.
• It can be represented by listing its element between
braces.
• A set is said to be well- defined if the element in a set
are specifically listed.

Examples:
A = {a,e,i,o,u}
B = {set of plane figures}
C = {Au,Ag,K}
• If S is a set, the notation
 x Є S means that x is an element of S.
x Є s means that x is not an element of S.
• A variation of notation is used to described a very
large set.
{1,2,3,….,100} refer to set of all integers from 1 to
100.
{1,2,3,…..} refer to set of all positive integers.
• The symbol… is called an ellipses and is read “ and
so forth”
Using the Set – Builder Notation

• A set may be specified using the set roster notation


by writing all elements between braces.
Example:
Let A = { 1,2,3}, B= {3,1,2} and C = {1,1,2,2,3,3,3}.
What are the element of A, B, and C related?
Is {0} =0?
How many elements are in set {1,{1}}?
Set – Builder Notation

• Let S denote and let P(x) be a property that elements of S may


or may not satisfy. We define a new set to be the set of all
elements x in such that P(x) is true. We denote this set as
follows:

{x Є S P(x) }
Using the Set – Builder Notation

• Given that R the set of all real numbers. Z the set of all integers, and
Z+ the set of all positive integers, describe the following sets.
a) { x Є R/ - 2 < x <Is5}the open interval of real numbers strictly between -2 and 5.
b) { x Є Z/ - 2 < x < Is5}the set of all integers strictly between -2 and 5.
c) { x Є Z / - 2 < xSince
+
< 5} all integers in Z are positive . So, { x Є Z / - 2 < x < 5} = {1,2,3,4}
+ +

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