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Instruments and Armamentarium

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13 views41 pages

Instruments and Armamentarium

Uploaded by

pavlipahaa15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Instruments used in Fixed

Prosthodontics
Dr. Rewaa Abou El Hassen
Lecturer of fixed prosthodontics
• Prosthodontists require a large armamentarium with a wide range of tools.
• Each instrument has a specific function .
• It is vital for the prosthodontist not only to be familiar with the
instruments, but also know and understand how to use the instruments
correctly and in a safe fashion.
• Instruments in prosthodontics are designed to be able to:

1. Prepare tooth structures for artificial restorations


2. Manipulate and create the best environment for impression
materials
3. Alter prostheses from dental laboratory
Dental instruments are divided into:
1- Diagnostic tools (mirror, probe, twizer)
2- Cutting tools (hand, rotary)
3- Restoring tools (condenser, carver, excavator….)
• Cutting instruments
1- Hand instruments: made of stainless-steel and formed
of 3 parts:
Handle, shank, and blade
Example: chisel, excavator, gingival trimmer
2- Rotary Instrument
• Rotary instruments are instruments held and operated by hand piece
(air turbine) or air motor (micromotor).
• Hand piece  high speed rotation 40,000-100.000 rpm
• Micromotor: low speed rotation 3000-4000 rpm
Rotary tools:
A- Cutting (carbide burs) made from tungsten or steel
B- Abrassive that include:
diamond burs
Stones
Dental discs
Rubber wheels
• Parts of bur:
• Shank
• Neck (shaft)
• head
• Dental burs according to:
• According to shank design:
1- long shank used with straight hand piece (low speed)
2- short latch shank (used with low speed contra angle)
3-friction grip shank (used with high speed hand piece)
Carbide bur:
• Burs possess blades that shear (cut) tooth structure intracoronal
cutting
• Preparation features such as placing grooves, boxes
• Smoothing enamel and dentin surface.
• They are not used for bulk reduction to avoid undulations on tooth
surface
Diamond burs:
• Made from diamond chips bonded to blank diamond bur used for
gridding enamel and dentin surfaces.
• They are divided according to: Coarseness (coarse, medium, and
fine)
According to shape:
1- Tapered round end bur (TR)
• Use for axial reduction (buccal- lingual- mesial- distal) with 6
degrees taper
• For chamfer finish line 0.5mm
Indications:
Full metal crown
Palatal surface of full ceramic crown
Chamfer forming
2- Tapered flat end bur (TF)
• Use to make axial reduction
• Create shoulder finish line
Indications:
Full ceramic crown
Facial surface of metal ceramic crown
3- long needle bur
• Use for interproximal initial access without causing injury to adjacent
tooth
• Form knife edge (chisel) finish line
4- Torpedo bur
• Used for formatting the bevel shoulder finish line in full ceramic
and metal ceramic crowns
5- Wheel shape bur
• Used for reduction of occlusal surface
• Reduction od incisal edge
• Reduction of palatal fossa of anterior teeth
6- Football shaped bur
• Used for occlusal reduction, and reduction of palatal fossa of anterior
teeth
7- depth marking bur
• Discs and wheels
Tools for impression making
• Rubber bowl (rubber) used for manual mixing of alginate or
dental plaster.
• Mixing spatula
• Automix impression materials by Dispensing gun
• Impression trays: disposable or sterile/ perforated or not / plastic
or stainless-steel/whale or sectional
Available in 5 sizes from 0-4
Tissue management tools
• Retraction cord  A length of thin woven string, pressed into the gingival
sulcus completely pushing the free gingiva away from the cervical region
of the tooth crown.
• Cotton or sillk absorbent property and so isolates the tooth crown from
sulcular fluid providing moisture control.
• Impregnated or non impregnatedHaemostatic agent such as epinephrine
• Cord packer =Gingival Retraction Cord Instrument
Shade Guides
• The dentist must read the tooth in natural light to read the tooth and
choose the best possible match from the examples in the shade guide.
• Baseplate wax: hard pink wax used in recording wax bite
• Articulating paper: a thin non adhesive paper strip covered with
fluorescent ink to high light occlusal contacts
• Antispot antispray:
Articulator:
• Device used to reproduce and make perfect the relationship
between the positions of the mandible to the maxilla and the
tempromandibular joint
• Types of Articulators
1. Simple Hinge Articulators
2. Mean Value Articulators (Anatomical)
3. Adjustable Articulators
 Semi-adjustable
 Fully adjustable
Laboratory instrument used for fixed
prosthodontics

• Fabrication of casts
• Fabrication of wax pattern
• Processing
• Finishing and polishing instrument
• Iwanson guage: to measure metal thickness
• Ceramic brushes size 0-20
References:

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