CONTENTS

 Introduction of DC Motor
 Constructional Parts of DC Motor.
 Function of Commutator in DC Motor
 Function of Armature Winding.
 Types of Armature Windings
 Function of Brushes in DC Motor.
 Working of DC Motor.

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva

 UNIT-2
DC MOTOR

Fig: 1. Pictorial View of DC Motor

https://www.electrical4u.com/dc-motor-or-direct-current-motor/
UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
 DC MOTOR
• A DC Motor or Direct Current Motor
converts electrical energy in to mechanical
energy.
• A Direct Current (DC) motor is fairly simple
electric motor that uses electricity and a
magnetic field to produce torque, which Fig: 2. Small Size DC Motor
turns the rotor and hence give mechanical
work.

Fig: 3. Large Size DC Motor

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_motor
CONSTRUCTIONAL PARTS OF DC
MACHINE
1) Magnetic Frame or yoke
2) Pole core & Pole shoes.
3) Magnetic field or Exciting coils
4) Armature core
5) Armature winding
a) Lap Winding
b) Wave Winding
6) Commutator
7) Brushes.
8) Bearing
9) End ring
10) Shaft.
UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
 CONSTRUCTIONAL VIEW OF DC
MACHINE

Fig: 4. Constructional View of DC Machine

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
https://www.electrical4u.com/construction-of-dc-motor-yoke-poles-armature-field-winding-commutator-brushes-of-dc-motor/
OVERVIEW OF DC MACHINE

Fig:5. Overview of DC Machine

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
https://blog.oureducation.in/construction-of-dc-motor/
 MAGNETIC FRAME OR YOKE

•The outer hollow cylindrical frame to which main poles and inter-poles are
fixed and by means of which the machine is fixed to the foundation is
known as Yoke.
The two main purposes of the yoke are as follows:-
•It supports the pole cores and provides mechanical protection to the inner
parts of the machines.
• It provides a low reluctance path for the magnetic flux.

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva

 POLE CORE & POLE SHOES
• The Pole Core and Pole Shoes are fixed to the magnetic frame or yoke by bolts.
• The pole core and shoes are made of thin cast steel or wrought iron laminations.
• It supports the field or exciting coils.
• They spread out the magnetic flux over the armature periphery more uniformly.
• It increases the cross-sectional area of the magnetic circuit, as a result, the
reluctance of the magnetic path is reduced.

Fig:6. Pole Core & Pole Shoes

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
https://circuitglobe.com/construction-of-dc-generator.html
 FIELD or EXCITING COILS
• The enameled copper wire is used for the construction of field or exciting
coils.
• The field coils of all the poles are connected in series in such a way that when
current flows through them, the adjacent poles attain opposite polarity.

Fig:7. Field or Exciting Coils

https://circuitglobe.com/construction-of-dc-generator.html
UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
 ARMATURE WINDING
• The insulated conductors are placed in the slots of the armature core.
• The armature winding is the heart of the DC Machine.
• Armature winding is a place where conversion of power takes place.
• windings are classified into two types named as Lap Winding and Wave
Winding.
• Lap Winding
• In lap winding, the conductors are connected in such a way that the number
of parallel paths are equal to the number of poles.
• Wave Winding
• In wave winding, the conductors are so connected that they are divided into
two parallel paths irrespective of the number of poles of the machine.
UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
 COMMUTATOR

• The commutator which rotates with the armature, is cylindrical in shape.

• It connects the rotating armature conductors to the stationary external
circuit through brushes.
• It converts the induced alternating current in the armature conductor into
unidirectional current in the external load circuit in DC Generator action,
whereas it converts the alternating torque into unidirectional (continuous)
torque produced in the armature in motor action.

Fig:8. Commutator
UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
https://circuitglobe.com/construction-of-dc-generator.html
 BRUSHES

• The brushes are pressed upon the Commutator and form the connecting
link between the armature winding and the external circuit.
• The pressure exerted by the brushes on the Commutator can be adjusted
and is maintained at a constant value by means of springs.
• It can be used to provide a lubricating effect on Commutator surface.
END HOUSINGS
•End housings are attached to the ends of the Mainframe and provide support to
the bearings.
BEARINGS
•The ball or roller bearings are fitted in the end housings. The function of the
bearings is to reduce friction between the rotating and stationary parts of the
machine UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
 SHAFT
• The shaft is made of mild steel with a maximum breaking strength. The
shaft is used to transfer mechanical power from or to the machine.

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva

 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR
• A machine that converts DC electrical power into mechanical power is known
as a Direct Current motor.
• DC motor working is based on the principle that when a current carrying
conductor is placed in a magnetic field, the conductor experiences a
mechanical force.
• The direction of this force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule and magnitude
is given by;
F = BIL Newton’s
• According to Fleming’s left-hand rule when an electric current passes
through a coil in a magnetic field, the magnetic force produces a torque that
turns the DC motor. The direction of this force is perpendicular to both the
wire and the magnetic field. UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
 SUMMARY
 Introduction to DC Motor & its constructions.
 Working Principle of DC Motor
 Function of Commutator in DC motor
 Types of Armature Windings.

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva

 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
• What is the principle operation of DC Motors?
• What is the function of Commutator in DC Motor.
• What is the function of Brushes in DC Motor.
• What is Lap Winding & Wave Winding.

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva

 To Guide the students about basic
knowledge of DC motor & it’s working
LEARNING principle.
• To aware about constructional part
OUTCOMES of DC motor.
• To make the students aware about
concept of type of armature
windings.
• To make the students about
function of Commutator in DC
Motor.
UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
 REFERENCES FOR FURTHER
HIGHER LEARNING
• https://www.usna.edu/EE/ee301/supplements/Rotating%20DC
%20Motors%20Supplement%20I.pdf
.
• https://www.usna.edu/EE/ee301/supplements/Linear%20Mot
ors%20Supplement.pdf
.

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva

 REFERENCES
Books:
[1] Basic of Electrical Engineering, T. K. Nagsarkar and M. S.Sukhija,2013 ,2nd edition
[2]Theory and problems of Basic Electrical Engineering, J. Nagrath and Kothari, 2012, 2nd edition
[3] A Textbook of Electrical Technology, B.L Theraja,2010,Vol 1
[4] Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Smarjith Ghosh,2013,1st edition
E-Books:
[1] http://www.freeengineeringbooks.com/Electrical/DC-Motors-Books.php
[2] http://pemclab.cn.nctu.edu.tw/W3lib/books/ElectroCraft85/ch2.dcmotor.pdf
Websites:
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_motor
[2] https://www.electrical4u.com/dc-motor-or-direct-current-motor/
[3] https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/108105053/pdf/L-39(TB)(ET)%20((EE)NPTEL).pdf
[4] https://www.slideshare.net/saaz1425/dc-motor-23906628
Videos:
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MnmcMYbsfQ
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASnDSEeWADk
[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsWNGcZ-jds UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva
THANK YOU

UnEdited Notes: Dr. Ashish Sachdeva