TO OUR PR E S E NTATI O N

Presentation title 1 Presentation title 20XX 20XX

 GROUP MEMBERS
Waheed Hussain 236
Sharaz 219
Bilal 235
Afaq 256
Tabin 243
Asif 213
Ahmad 251
Hammad Test Management 252 20XX
tools
Section : Green(G)
Session : 2k21-BSCS
Subject : Computer Networks
Topic : Wireless Networks
Submitted To : DR,Fatima

Presentation title 20XX

WIRELESS NETWORKS
 Agenda
1 Introduction
2 History of Wireless Networks
3 Types of Wireless Networks
4 Wireless Network Components
5 Wireless Network Protocols
6 Wi-Fi Standards
7 Wireless Network Security
8 Wireless Network Architecture

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 Introduction
• A wireless network refers to a computer
network that makes use of Radio
Frequency (RF) connections between
nodes in the network. Wireless networks
are a popular solution for homes,
businesses, and telecommunications
networks.

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 The Benefits of Wireless Networking

• Wireless technology is essential in our daily lives, offering benefits

such as mobility, productivity, and easy communication. With wireless
networks, computers, and devices connect seamlessly using radio
frequency waves, eliminating the need for physical connections.
• Mobility is a key advantage, allowing people to roam freely while
staying connected. This enables remote work without cables or
cords.
• Wireless networking also boosts productivity by allowing multiple
devices to connect simultaneously. Collaboration becomes more
efficient in large offices, using laptops and smartphones over a single
network.
• dditionally, wireless networking facilitates easy communication within
offices or across locations through video conferencing and
messaging apps. WIRELESS
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 History of Wireless Networks
The history of wireless networks is a fascinating journey through technological advancements that
have revolutionized communication. It all started with early experiments in the late 19th century,
culminating in today's seamless connectivity.
Early Beginnings:
The roots of wireless communication can be traced back to the late 1800s with pioneers like
Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi.
Radio Broadcasting:
The 1920s saw the rise of radio broadcasting, enabling mass communication over long
distances.
World War II:
Wireless communication played a crucial role in military operations during World War II, driving
further innovation in radio technology.
Microwave Transmission:
In the mid-20th century, the development of microwave transmission facilitated long-distance
communication.

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Sharaz
Mobile Telephony:
The late 20th century witnessed the birth of mobile
telephony, with the launch of the first cellular networks
in the 1980s.
Wi-Fi and Internet:
The 1990s saw the advent of Wi-Fi technology,
enabling wireless internet access.
3G, 4G, and Beyond:
The 21st century saw the rollout of 3G and 4G
networks, offering faster data speeds and greater
connectivity.
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 Types of Wireless Networks

1. Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN):

WPANs are short-range networks typically used for communication
between devices in close proximity to each other, such as Bluetooth
devices
2.Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN):
WLANs provide wireless network connectivity within a limited area, like
a home,office, or campus.
3.Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN):
WMANs cover a larger geographical area than WLANs but are still
limited to a city or metropolitan area.
4.Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN):
WWANs cover a much larger area, sometimes spanning across cities,
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Bilal
5.Mesh Networks:
Mesh networks consist of nodes that can communicate with each other directly or through
intermediate nodes, forming a decentralized network

6.Ad hoc Networks:

Ad hoc networks are temporary networks formed spontaneously by wireless
devices as needed, without requiring a centralized infrastructure.

7.Satellite Networks:
Satellite networks use satellites to provide coverage over large geographical
areas, including remote or rural areas where terrestrial infrastructure is lacking.

8.Internet of Things (IoT) Networks:

IoT networks connect various devices and sensors to the internet, enabling
them to communicate and share data.
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 Wireless Network Components
Wireless Devices:
These are the endpoints that communicate wirelessly over the network.

Access Points (APs):

Access points are devices that allow wireless devices to connect to a wired
network. They act as a bridge between wireless clients and the wired
infrastructure.
Wireless Routers:
Wireless routers combine the functions of a traditional wired router with
those of a wireless access point.
Wireless Antennas:
Antennas are used to transmit and receive wireless signals.

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Afaq
Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs):
WLAN controllers are used in larger wireless networks to centralize
management and control of multiple access points.

Wireless Bridges:
Wireless bridges are used to connect two separate networks wirelessly over a
long distance.
Wireless Repeaters/Range Extenders:
Repeaters or range extenders amplify and retransmit wireless signals,
extending the coverage area of a wireless network.
Wireless Network Adapters:
These are hardware devices or integrated components in devices like laptops
and smartphones that enable them to connect to wireless networks.
Network Infrastructure:
This includes the underlying wired network infrastructure, such as switches,
routers, and cabling, that supports the wireless network.
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 Wireless Network Protocols

Wireless network protocols are sets of rules and standards that define how devices
communicate wirelessly within a network. Here are some common wireless
network protocols:
Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11):
Wi-Fi is the most widely used wireless network protocol for local area networking. It
operates in various frequency bands, including 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, and supports
different standards like 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax
(Wi-Fi 6).
Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1):
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication protocol designed for low-power,
peer-to-peer data exchange between devices.
Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4):
Zigbee is a low-power, low-data-rate wireless communication protocol used primarily
for IoT and home automation applications.
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Tabin
Z-Wave:
Z-Wave is another wireless communication protocol for home automation and IoT
applications. It operates in the sub-1 GHz frequency band, providing longer range
and better penetration through walls compared to Zigbee.
NFC (Near Field Communication):
NFC is a short-range wireless communication protocol used for contactless data
exchange between devices over a distance of a few centimeters.
Cellular (3G, 4G LTE, 5G):
Cellular networks provide wireless communication over long distances using cellular
towers and base stations.
LoRaWAN:
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a wireless
communication protocol designed for long-range, low-power IoT
applications.

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 Wi-Fi Standards
The evolution of Wi-Fi standards has been driven by the need for faster speeds,
increased range, better reliability, and improved efficiency. Here's an overview of the
major Wi-Fi standards and their key features:
802.11b:
Released in 1999, 802.11b was the first widely adopted Wi-Fi standard. It operates
in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and supports data rates up to 11 Mbps.
802.11a:
Also released in 1999, 802.11a operates in the 5 GHz frequency band and supports
data rates up to 54 Mbps.
802.11g:
Introduced in 2003, 802.11g operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band and supports
data rates up to 54 Mbps.

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Asif
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802.11n (Wi-Fi 4):
Released in 2009, 802.11n operates in both the 2.4 GHz
and 5 GHz frequency bands.
802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5):
Introduced in 2013, 802.11ac operates exclusively in the
5 GHz frequency band. It further improves throughput and
range compared to 802.11n by introducing features like
wider channels, more spatial streams, and beamforming.
802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6):
Introduced in 2019, 802.11ax is designed to address the
increasing density of devices and the demand for high-
speed connectivity in crowded environments.

Asif
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 Wireless Network Security
Wireless network security is essential for protecting data and ensuring the
integrity, confidentiality, and availability of network resources. Here are some
key aspects and measures of wireless network security:
Encryption:
Encrypting data transmitted over wireless networks helps prevent unauthorized access to
sensitive information.
Authentication:
Authentication mechanisms verify the identities of users and devices attempting to connect
to the wireless network.
Access Control:
Access control mechanisms restrict network access to authorized users and devices.
Network Segmentation:
Segmenting the wireless network into separate virtual LANs (VLANs) or subnets helps
contain security breaches and restricts the lateral movement of attackers within the network.

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Ahamad
Firewalls:
Firewalls monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic, filtering out
potentially malicious packets and preventing unauthorized access to network
resources.
Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS):
IDPS solutions monitor network traffic for signs of suspicious or malicious
activity and can automatically take action to block or mitigate threats.
Regular Security Updates and Patch Management:
Keeping wireless access points, routers, and other network devices up-to-date
with the latest security patches .
User Education and Awareness:
Educating users about best practices for wireless network security, such as
using strong passwords.
Physical Security:
Physical security measures, such as placing access points in secure locations,
using tamper-resistant hardware.
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 wireless network architectures
Infrastructure and ad hoc networks are two different types of wireless network
architectures, each with its own characteristics and use cases:
Infrastructure Networks:
Definition:
Infrastructure networks are centralized networks where devices communicate through a central
access point (AP) or multiple interconnected access points.
Components:
Infrastructure networks consist of access points, wireless clients, and network infrastructure such
as routers, switches, and servers.
Characteristics:
• Centralized architecture with a designated access point or multiple access points.
• Requires a wired backbone infrastructure for connectivity.
• Offers better scalability, manageability, and security compared to ad hoc networks.
Example:
Wi-Fi networks deployed in homes, businesses, schools, and public places typically follow the
infrastructure network model.

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Ad Hoc Networks:
Definition: Ad hoc networks are decentralized networks where devices
communicate with each other directly without the need for a central access point
or pre-existing infrastructure.
Components: Ad hoc networks consist of mobile devices, laptops,
smartphones, or IoT devices that communicate with each other
directly.
Characteristics:
• Decentralized architecture with no central access point or infrastructure.
• Devices communicate directly with each other, forming spontaneous
connections.
Example: Wireless ad hoc networks can be formed between
smartphones or laptops to share files or establish communication in
situations where internet connectivity is unavailable, such as during
outdoor events or camping trips.
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