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Computer Architechture Lect1 - Copy

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6 views

Computer Architechture Lect1 - Copy

Uploaded by

Aziz Bohra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TECHNO INDIA NJR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department

of

Electronics Communication Engineering

Subject: Computer Architecture

Mr. Naresh Mali


Dept. of CSE
The Application Program:- Application program define the way in which the hardware are used to solve user’s computing
problem.
Ex: word processor, spreadsheet, compilers and web browsers.

Difference between Computer Organization and Computer Architecture:-

Computer Architecture Computer Organization


1.“What” “How”
2. Deal with high level design Deal with Low level design (logic & circuit)
Issue(system & computer)
3. Function behavior Structural relationship
4. Designing of computer Designing of computer
first second
5. Instruction set addressing modes data type circuit design signal(ALU, CPU, Memory)

Mr. Naresh Mali


CSE Dept.
Digital Computer: A digital computer can be defined as a programmable machine which reads the binary data passed as
instructions, processes this binary data, and displays a calculated digital output. Therefore, Digital computers are those that
work on the digital data.
Functional Unit in Computer Architecture:-
Input Unit :The input unit consists of input devices that are attached to the computer. These devices take input and convert it
into binary language that the computer understands. Some of the common input devices are keyboard, mouse, joystick,
scanner etc.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) : Once the information is entered into the computer by the input device, the
processor processes it. The CPU is called the brain of the computer because it is the control center of the
computer. The CPU has three main components which are responsible for different functions – Arithmetic Logic
Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU) and Memory registers
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) : The ALU, as its name suggests performs mathematical calculations and takes
logical decisions. Arithmetic calculations include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical decisions
involve comparison of two data items to see which one is larger or smaller or equal.

Control Unit : The Control unit coordinates and controls the data flow in and out of CPU and also controls all
the operations of ALU, memory registers and also input/output units. It is also responsible for carrying out all
the instructions stored in the program. It decodes the fetched instruction, interprets it and sends control signals
to input/output devices until the required operation is done properly by ALU and memory.

Mr. Naresh Mali


Memory Registers : A register is a temporary unit of memory in the CPU. These are used to store the data which is directly
used by the processor. Registers can be of different sizes(16 bit, 32 bit, 64 bit and so on) and each register inside the CPU has
a specific function like storing data, storing an instruction, storing address of a location in memory

Memory: Memory attached to the CPU is used for storage of data and instructions and is called internal memory The internal
memory is divided into many storage locations, each of which can store data or instructions. Each memory location is of the
same size and has an address.
Output Unit : The output unit consists of output devices that are attached with the computer. It converts the binary data
coming from CPU to human understandable form. The common output devices are monitor, printer, plotter etc.

Mr. Naresh Mali


CSE Dept.
Two types of Architectures are used:
1. Von Neumann Architecture:- A general framework or structure that computers hardware programming and data
should follow
Address Bus
CPU MEMORY
Data Bus

2. Hardvard Architecture:- This uses physically separate storage and signal pathways for their instructions and
data.

PMAB DMAB
Program CPU Data
Memory PMDB DMDB Memory

PMAB: Program memory Address Bus.


PMDB:- Program memory Data Bus.
DMAB:- Data Memory Address Bus.
DMDB:-Data Memory Data Bus.

Mr. Naresh Mali


CSE Dept.

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