different system
different system
Levels of Organization
Organization is the most important
characteristic of body structure
The body as a whole is a unit constructed of
the following smaller units:
Atoms & molecules-chemical level
Cells- the smallest structural units;
organizations of various chemicals
Tissues-organizations of similar cells
Organs-organizations of different kinds of
tissues
Systems- organizations of many different kinds
of organs
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organelle
DNA cell
carbon molecule
atom
tissue
organism
organ organ
system 3
Organization of the human body:
Tissues
Composed of:
4
Organization of the human body:
Tissues
Types of tissues:
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
5
Organization of the human body:
Tissues
Epithelial Tissue protects the body by covering
internal and external surfaces, and produces
secretions
Skin
covers the outside of the body
lines the inside of the body
Membrane (Serous)
two thin layers of tissue that join together
cells may secrete a fluid
Example; Pleural & Pericardial
Outer part is called parietal membrane
Peritoneal lines the abdominal cavity
6
Organization of the human body:
Tissues
Epithelial tissues
Squamous Cuboidal
Columnar
7
Organization of the human body:
Tissues
Connective tissue supports and connects organs
and tissue
Adipose type of connective tissue that stores fat cells
8
Organization of the human body:
Tissues
Connective tissue
Adipose Fibrocartilage Elastic
cartilage
9
Organization of the human body:
Tissues
Muscle tissue contracts and moves a
body part
Cardiac
striated, involuntary
contracts the heart
Skeletal
striated, voluntary
attached to the skeleton
Smooth
nonstriated, involuntary
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Organization of the human body:
Tissues
Muscle tissue
Cardiac Skeletal
Smooth
11
Organization of the human body:
Tissues
Nervous
tissue reacts
to stimulation
and conducts an
impulse
12
Interdependence means that systems must work together to support
human life.
14
Nervous System
As the fast-acting control system of
the body, it responds to internal and
external changes by activating
appropriate muscles and glands.
15
Endocrine System
Glands secrete
hormones that
regulate
processes such
as growth,
reproduction,
and nutrient use
(metabolism) by
body
cells.
16
Sensory System
20
Lymphatic
System/Immunity
Picks up fluid leaked
from blood vessels and
returns it to blood.
Disposes of debris in the
lymphatic stream. Houses
white
blood cells
(lymphocytes) involved in
immunity. The immune
response mounts the
attack against foreign
substances
within the body.
21
Respiratory System
Keeps blood
constantly supplied
with oxygen and
removes carbon
dioxide. The gaseous
exchanges occur
through the walls of
the air sacs of the
lungs. 22
Digestive System
Breaks down food into
absorbable units that enter the
blood for
distribution to body cells.
Indigestible foodstuffs are
eliminated as feces.
23
Urinary System
Eliminates nitrogenous
wastes from the body.
Regulates water, electrolyte
and acid-base balance of the
blood.
24
Reproductive System
Male Female
Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce
sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in
delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract. Ovaries
produce eggs and female sex hormones. The remaining female
structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the
fetus. Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to
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nourish the newborn.
Integumentary
System
Includes your hair, nails, and skin
Largest organ system in your body
Your body’s first line of defense
SKIN-
Forms the external body
covering, and protects deeper
tissues from injury.
Synthesizes vitamin D, and
houses cutaneous Nerves to help
you feel (pain, pressure, etc.)
Regulates your body temperature
with the help of sweat glands
Melanin – absorbs ultraviolet
radiation from the sun
Epidermis – top layer of skin,
most cells are
dead, about as thin as 2
sheets of notebook paper
Dermis – under epidermis, allows 26