Scribd
Upload
15 views

Classification-and-Evolution (1)

classification and evolution

Uploaded by

povertyalleviation0624
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

Classification-and-Evolution (1)

classification and evolution

Uploaded by

povertyalleviation0624
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Classification

and Evolution
Humans have been classifying organisms for thousands of
years.
Modern Classification
Biologists classify organisms by their physical, chemical,
and behavioral similarities.

1 Taxonomy 2 Linnaeus
Branch of science Developed the
concerned with modern system of
classifying organisms. classification.

3 Binomial Nomenclature
Two-word Latin name for each organism.
Levels of Classification
Seven levels of classification: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

1 Kingdom 2 Phylum 3 Class


Largest and most general Organisms in a kingdom Members of one phylum
group. are sorted into phyla. are grouped into classes.

4 Order 5 Family 6 Genus


Each class is subdivided Families are separated Genera are divided into
into families. into genera. species.

7 Species
Smallest and most specific group.
Convergent Evolution
Shark and dolphin are an example of convergent evolution.

Convergent Evolution Analogous Taxonomic Challenge


Characteristics
Organisms evolve similar Similar appearance does not
features independently. Similar features that have guarantee common ancestry.
evolved through convergent
evolution.
Phylogeny
A branching tree that reflects the evolutionary
relationships among species.

1 Cladistics 2 Clade
Focuses on key Group of organisms
characters shared by related by descent.
organisms.

3 Derived Characters
Unique characteristics shared by a group of organisms.
Cladograms
Branching diagrams that show the evolutionary relationship among
groups of organisms.

Shared Derived Characters

Used to construct cladograms.

Comparative Information

Cladograms convey relative relationships.

Recent Common Ancestor

Organisms closer together on a cladogram share a more


recent common ancestor.
Mammalian Relationships
All mammals share the derived characters of hair and the ability to produce milk.

Platypus Brown Bear Lion House Cat

Lays eggs Gives birth to Gives birth to Gives birth to


live young live young live young

Has hair/fur Has hair/fur Has hair/fur Has hair/fur

Has mammary Has mammary Has mammary Has mammary


glands glands glands glands

Has retractable Has retractable Has retractable Has retractable


claws claws claws claws

Has placenta Has placenta Has placenta Has placenta


Evolutionary Relationships
These animals are related because they are thought to have an ancestor in common.

Class Mammalia

Brown bear, lion, and house cat are more closely related to each other than the platypus.

Order Carnivora

Brown bear, lion, and house cat give birth to their young alive.

Ancient Cat

House cat and lion are closely related because they share the most recent common
ancestor.
Understanding Evolution
Classification helps us understand the evolutionary relationships
among organisms.

Common Ancestry Shared Characteristics

Organisms share common Organisms inherit


ancestors. characteristics from their
ancestors.

Evolutionary History

Classification reveals the evolutionary history of life on Earth.


Importance of
Classification
Classification is essential for understanding the diversity of life.

1 Scientific 2 Conservation
Communication Efforts
Provides a common Helps identify and
language for protect endangered
scientists. species.

3 Medical Research
Facilitates the study of diseases and their treatments.

You might also like