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Chapter 9 & 10

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27 views14 pages

Chapter 9 & 10

Uploaded by

Nahara Pangcoga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 9

E-RESOURCES AND
TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
Difference between Traditional & E-
Resources
There are at least 7 major differences between print and digital
collection management:
1. A library rarely owns the electronic materials
2. A second difference is the existence of licenses or contracts
that govern what the terms of access are.
3. Limitations—a third difference—go against the library’s
philosophy of service such as open to all or sharing resources.
What the limitations are varies from vendor to vendor
4. Another difference is the final decision to purchase access to
most e-resources comes after a trial period.
5. A complicating factor in making a final acquisition decision is
that many such e-products are acquired through a consortial
arrangement (a fifth difference).
6. When it comes time to assess an e-service, the library may
find that it is highly dependent on data supplied by the vendor
—a sixth difference
7. The final difference is permanence.
Selection issues
There are seven categories of e-selection:
1. Content - Depending on what the e-product is—book,
serials, music, video—one of the first questions to ask is
does this product fill a real need or gap in collection or is it
just a means of showing others that the library is moving
into the digital world? The latter reason is not good
stewardship of limited funding.
2. Limitations - related to e-resources fall into two broad
categories: access and rights.
3. Cost - considerations are significant, and often cost is the
determining factor in the decision to acquire an e-product
or service.
4. People issues - With traditional print materials, you do
not have many “people issues” to think about. Perhaps the
only real concern might be whether a title elected will
cause complaints about its inclusion in the collection.
5. Technical issues - In some ways, technical
issues along with fiscal concerns are the driving
forces in the final selection decision for e-
resources.
6. Assessment options - Although circulation and
processing statistics have long been kept for
print library materials, e-materials can present
special challenges when it comes to quantifying
their use.
7. Cancellation or Loss of Service - With the
purchase of e-resources comes some special
considerations regarding product cancellation or
loss of service.
E-Formats
 E-book - in full electronic book, digital file containing
a body of text and images suitable for distributing
electronically and displaying on-screen in a manner
similar to a printed book.
• E-Readers - Personal e-readers are extremely popular,
even among individuals who are not technologically
inclined. It appears likely that the current generation of e-
readers will have greater staying power than their
predecessors. This is in part because there will continue
to be a steady and varied supply of titles available to
download
• Google Books Project - aimed at scanning and making
searchable the collections of several major research
libraries. Along with bibliographic information, snippets of
text from a book are often viewable. If a book is out of
copyright and in the public domain, the book is fully
available to read or download.
Serial - Everyone, on a general level, loves e-
serials. They are frequently the go-to source for
articles by many users. They are much more
searchable than their print cousins, and they are
generally available through libraries 24/7.
Online Music/Audio - Selecting music
resources, be it print scores, CD recordings, or
digital files, calls for an understanding of the
subject in more depth than most other format
and subject areas.
Video - There are two aspects to online video
and libraries—access to content produced by
others and access to library generated content.
Both are likely to increase in importance over
time as it is obvious people like visual materials.
Web Resources - As information
professionals know all too well, there is
“stuff” and “good stuff” on the Web.
Serious efforts are made to help others
learn how to assess Websites and other e-
resources through programs such as
information literacy sessions or courses.
Institutional Repositories (IR) - IRs are
an effort to capture and make available as
much of the gray literature as possible.
Managing Electronic
Resources

E-resources are wonderful, especially from the end


user’s perspective. They also create a number of
challenges for CM personnel, their libraries, as well
as consortia. For the individual, there is a virtual
alphabet soup of technical concepts with
implications for e-materials to understand— some
of which are DC®/DCMI, DLF, DMCA, DOI®, DRM,
EAD, ERMI, OAI, PURL, SFX®, and XML. All of these,
and more, relate to managing library e-resources in
one way or another.
CHAPTER 10
PRESERVATION ISSUES
Libraries and Cultural Patrimony

Archives, libraries, and museums are the primary guardians


of society’s heritage. Each has a role to play in attempting
to ensure that knowledge, beliefs, values, and so forth are
available generation after generation. T.J. Swanson (2008)
suggested how museums, archives, and libraries assist
people today to better understand the past. He observed
that “Since their first appearance in Boston in 1791,
American historical societies have served as repositories
for unique collections of locally significant books, archives
and artifacts . . . historical society libraries remain
invaluable resources for history researchers” (p. 31).
Michael Gorman (2007) made a clear case for preservation
when he wrote, “The term ‘cultural heritage’ contains
within it a clear implication—that of onward transmission.
The word ‘heritage’ means something transmitted by or
acquired from a predecessor. In order for that generational
transfer to take place, the item of cultural heritage must be
Preserving the Investment in the Collection
 Proper Handling - Storage and handling are the two
fundamental steps in preserving a collection. If people
understood that some of the “fussy practices,” such as
keeping volumes upright on the shelf, are part of an effort
to maximize usage of materials acquired with their money,
the image might change a little.
 Environmental Control - Climate control (temperature
and humidity) is a key component of a preservation
program.
 Security - We include physical security of the collection in
our discussion of preservation because some of the issues
are conservation issues—for example, mutilation and water
or smoke damage.
 Disaster Preparedness - Planners must think in terms of
both natural and man-made disasters. Earthquakes,
hurricanes, tornadoes, heavy rains, and floods are the
most common natural disasters for which one should plan.
Digital Preservation

Preserving digital resources is a very complex issue


and is, at present, in the purview of large libraries.
Why is it complex? There are a number of technical
issues for starters

Let’s start with the technology aspect of long-term


preservation. One way to approach the challenges
is to split them into two broad categories—storage
and access.

In addition, libraries have to wonder about the long-


term commitment of commercial vendors of
databases after the older
Conservation

One element in a library’s conservation program is


the basic binding and repair program. In-house
repairs are fine as long as they employ good
conservation methods and use materials that will
not cause more harm. Repairers should do nothing
that cannot be undone later, if necessary. For
example, one should avoid using any adhesive tape
other than a reversible adhesive, nonacidic tape to
repair a torn page.
When an item in the collection deteriorates to the point that it cannot
be rebound, what should one do? Ten options exist, each with an
increase in institutional costs:

• Ignore the problem and return the item to storage (lowest cost).
• Withdraw the item from the collection and do not replace it.
• Seek a reprint edition on alkaline paper.
• Convert the material to microfilm and decide what to do with the
original.
• Convert the material to an electronic format.
• Photocopy the material on alkaline paper and decide what to do
with
the original.
• Seek a replacement copy through the out-of-print trade.
• Place the item in an alkaline protective enclosure made for the item
and return it to the collection.
• Withdraw the item from the main collection and place it in a
controlled access storage facility.
• Deacidify and strengthen the item and return it to use (very, very
expensive).

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