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Number_Systems_Lecture

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masratschool
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Lecture Notes: Number Systems

NCC Level 4 | Computing


Fundamentals
Introduction to Numbers
• • A number is a mathematical object used for
counting, measuring, and labeling.
• • Types of Numbers:
• - Whole Numbers, Integers, Fractions
• - Rational and Irrational Numbers
• - Real Numbers, Prime Numbers, Composite
Numbers
Types of Number Systems
• • Decimal (Base-10): Digits 0-9, used in daily
life.
• • Binary (Base-2): Digits 0, 1; used in digital
systems.
• • Octal (Base-8): Digits 0-7; compact
representation of binary.
• • Hexadecimal (Base-16): Digits 0-9, A-F; used
in computing.
Decimal to Other Systems
• • Decimal to Binary: Divide by 2 and record
remainders.
• • Decimal to Octal: Divide by 8 and record
remainders.
• • Decimal to Hexadecimal: Divide by 16 and
convert remainders to hexadecimal digits.
Binary to Other Systems
• • Binary to Decimal: Multiply each bit by 2^n
and sum.
• • Binary to Octal: Group bits into sets of 3
from the right.
• • Binary to Hexadecimal: Group bits into sets
of 4 from the right.
Operations in Different Bases
• • Binary Addition: Add digit-wise with
carryover (e.g., 101 + 110 = 1011).
• • Binary Subtraction: Subtract digit-wise with
borrowing (e.g., 1011 - 110 = 101).
• • Binary Multiplication and Division: Similar to
decimal but adapted to Base-2.
Exercises for Tutorials
• • Exercise 1: Conversions
• 1. Convert 25₁₀ to Binary, Octal, and
Hexadecimal.
• 2. Convert 1011₂ to Decimal, Octal, and
Hexadecimal.
• 3. Convert 47₁₆ to Binary and Decimal.

• • Exercise 2: Binary Arithmetic


• 1. Add 1011₂ + 1101₂.

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