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L6 CSS3 - Psychoanalysis

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L6 CSS3 - Psychoanalysis

Uploaded by

Totep Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discipline and Ideas

in the Social
Sciences
Psychoanalysi
s
HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Psychoanalysis began with


Sigmund Freud when he broadened
his practice from medicine to
psychiatry in 1882. He was influenced
by Josef Breur, a prominent Viennese
physician who believed that a client
with psychological disorder can be
helped by simply talking about his or
her problem, also known as the
"talking cure."
HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Experiencing serious
emotional problems himself such as
an exaggerated fear of dying, he
engaged in extensive self-analysis
by studying his dreams. From his
self-analysis, he was able to develop
theories such as the Oedipus
complex, the Electra complex, and
penis envy, among others.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT

In 1900, he was able to


publish The Interpretation of Dreams
after which he was accepted in the
intellectual community again.
Freud’s personality
theory can be
conceptualized
according to
structure of
personality,
topography of mind,
and stages of
personality
development.
Sigmund Freud’s
psychoanalytic
theory of personality
argued that human
behavior was the
result of the
interaction of three
component parts of
the mind: the id,
ego, and superego.
INSTINCTS
• Strong innate forces that
provide all the energy in the
psychic system

Two instinct classes (earlier)


- self-preservation instincts
- sexual instincts

Later formulations:
Freud collapsed self-preservation and
sexual instincts into one, called life instinct
(libido); added death instinct (thanatos)
• Libido - quantitatively
variable of the sexual
excitation

• Thanatos (death drive) - a


primitive impulse for
destruction, decay, and
death, coexisting with and
opposing life instinct
TOPOGRAPHY OF MIND
Conscious
• Contains information that the person is aware of and
can readily recover
• It includes everything that we are aware of. This is the
aspect of our mental processing that we can think and
talk about rationally.
Preconscious
• Refers to information that the person is almost
consciously ware but is out of mental awareness
• It includes all memories that may have been forgotten
or are not in present awareness but with attention can
be readily recalled
Unconscious
• Includes all information that the person is not
consciously aware of
• It includes all memories that one is unable to bring to
conscious awareness. It is the largest of the three
topographical levels.
Unconscious
• It consists of unpleasant & non-essential memories that
have been repressed & can be retrieved through
therapy, hypnosis & with other substances that alter
awareness.
Unconscious
• According to Freud, the unconscious continues to
influence our behavior and experience, even though we
are unaware of these underlying influences.
Sometimes We Don’t
Know Why We Do
What We Do
Id
Ego
Superego
Id: Reservoir of psychic energy
• Most primitive part of the mind, source of all
drives and urges
• Operates according to the pleasure principle;
desire for immediate gratification
• Functions according to primary process thinking,
thinking without logical rules of conscious
thought or anchor in reality
• Wish fulfillment: Something unavailable is
conjured up and the image of it is temporarily
satisfying
Ego: Executive of personality
• Constrains id to reality
• Develops within first two or three years of life
• Operates according to reality principle: Ego
understands that urges of id are often in conflict
with social and physical reality
• Operates according to secondary process
thinking, development and devising of strategies
for problem solving and obtaining satisfaction
Superego: Upholder of societal
values and ideals
• Internalizes ideals, values, and moral of society
• Refer to as the "conscience"
• Tool of the superego in enforcing right and wrong
is the emotion of guilt
• Like id, superego is not bound by reality
DEFENSE MECHANISM
Defense Mechanism
• Defense mechanism are invented by the Ego in an
attempt to resolve the conflict between Id and Superego
– so that personality can operate in a healthy manner
• It deny/distort reality while operating in unconscious
level
• If it is used once a while, the purpose of using it is to
reduce stress
• But if it is used frequently, it means the individual are
trying to avoid facing reality
1. Repression
• Unpleasant experiences are stored deep in the subconscious
mind and can't be access by the conscious mind
• the exclusion of distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings
from the conscious mind. Often involving sexual or aggressive
urges or painful childhood memories, these unwanted mental
contents are pushed into the unconscious mind.
• Basic defense mechanism

EXAMPLE
An accident victim nearly dies but remembers none of the
details of the accident
2. Displacement
• Redirecting the feelings of hostility and violent
action from self to another that is less
threatening from original source

EXAMPLE
Angered by a neighbor’s hateful comment, a
mother punish her child for accidentally spilling
her drinks
3. Rationalization
• Providing a reasonable explanation to make
undesirable behavior appear logical

EXAMPLE
A student who fails a test because she did not
study hard enough blames her failure on the
teacher for using ‘tricky’ question
4. Denial
• Reality is distorted to make it suit to the
individual’s wishes

EXAMPLE
An alcoholic fails to acknowledge that he is
addicted to alcohol
5. Regression
• Returning to a behavior pattern characteristic of
an earlier stage of development

EXAMPLE
After Lucy’s parents bitter divorce, she refuse to
sleep alone in her room and crawling into bed
with her mother
6. Reaction Formation
• Thinking or behaving in a way that is the
extreme opposite to those that are of real
intention

EXAMPLE
A woman who loves an unobtainable man and
behaves as though she hates him
7. Projection
• The attribution of one’s unacceptable urges or
qualities to others

EXAMPLE
A person in an extremely bad mood accuses
family members of being hard to get along with
Freud was able to develop techniques that could be used in psychoanalysis
by making the unconscious conscious.

Techniques Process
Association encourages the patient to discuss what comes
to mind in order to overcome the patient's
tendencies to suppress or censor information
Dream analyze elements of dreams that contain
Analysis symbolic meaning
Confrontatio feedback procedures to help the patient
n and become aware of what is occurring and in need
Clarification of further analysis
Interpretatio involves providing insight to the patient
n regarding inner conflicts reflected in resistance
and transference among others
• When used to analyze how people
behave in society, psychoanalysis can
be very helpful and in fact, has the
potential to become emancipatory or
liberating.
• Since the core or essence of
psychoanalysis is the analysis of hidden
forces in the mind which dominate one's
feelings and behavior, by making the
unconscious conscious, we can
understand and explain social behavior
and how people act in particular ways in
society.
• Psychoanalysis helps people emancipate
themselves from the hidden sources of
domination (the unconscious) by finding
the origin and causes of their actions.
Psychoanalysi
s

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