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Control Systems Microprocessors Actuators and Sensors

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18 views

Control Systems Microprocessors Actuators and Sensors

Uploaded by

derekynigo0915
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control

Systems:
Microprocessor
s, Actuators,
and Sensors
Control systems are designed to collect data and send it to a
computer system for analysis and action. These systems utilize
key technologies such as sensors, microprocessors, and
actuators to monitor and control various aspects of our
environment.
Created by: Antonio, Arpith, and Derek
Microprocessor-
Controlled
Technologies
1 Environmental Control
Greenhouses, heating, and air conditioning systems

2 Security Systems
Burglar alarms.

3 Traffic Management
Traffic flow, car park barriers, and traffic lights

4 Smart Technologies
Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks and smart homes
Microprocessors in Control Systems
A microprocessor is an electronic component that can perform similar functions to a central processing
unit (CPU). It can process instructions and perform mathematical comparisons and calculations.
Microprocessors also have small areas to hold data called registers. Microprocessors are normally a single
integrated circuit.

Advantages Disadvantages

• They can be programmed to execute several • There is a limit on the size of the data they are
different tasks. able to handle.
• They are small in size so can be easily built into • They are only small in size and can overheat if
different technologies. too much demand is placed on them.
• They are relatively fast at moving data between
different memory locations.
Actuators in Control Systems
An actuator is used to move and operate other different mechanisms or devices. Actuators can be based
on different methods of operation such as hydraulic, pneumatic or electric. Actuators could control
operations such as opening and closing a valve, turning a switch on and off or driving a mechanism to
open a door. They can also be used to drive each of the individual parts in a robot.

An actuator is vital in a control system because it is the element that drives the action to be performed to
control the element of the environment that is the focus.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Hydraulic and electric actuators are fairly quiet. • Pneumatic actuators can be quite noisy.
• The cost of pneumatic actuators is relatively low. • The cost of hydraulic and electric actuators is
• Most actuators have moderate to high speed relatively high.
abilities to perform an action. • Fluid leaks can be a problem in hydraulic actuators.
Control System Process

1 Data Collection
1. The sensor collects the data at set-time intervals, for example once every minute.

2 Data Transmission
2. The data is sent to a microprocessor.

3 Data Analysis
3. The microprocessor will analyse the data. This could involve comparing it to a pre-stored value, or range of values.

4 Signal Transmission
4. If the data does not match the pre-stored value, the microprocessor will send a signal to an actuator or device.

5 Action Execution
5. The actuator or device will trigger any action that needs to be taken.
Example: Air Conditioning
Control System
Temperature Sensing
The sensor detects the room temperature at regular intervals.

Data Processing
The microprocessor compares the sensed temperature with
the set temperature.

System Adjustment
If needed, the actuator adjusts the air conditioning unit to
maintain the desired temperature.

An example of this type of system could be an air-conditioning system.

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