Augmented Reality

Mathematics App for

Kids
CSE Department
By Shreeganga Patil(3PD22CS101) & Shrusti Wali
(3PD22CS105)
Under guidance of Sayyada Fahmeeda.
Abstract
• This project aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR) app to make
mathematics learning engaging and accessible for preschool and elementary
school children. Early math often feels abstract and challenging, but this app
addresses these issues by providing interactive 3D visualizations of
mathematical concepts like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
geometry. By integrating virtual objects for counting, problem-solving, and
exploring geometric shapes, the app bridges the gap between abstract
concepts and tangible understanding. It fosters curiosity, enhances
motivation, and builds confidence in math, offering an enjoyable and
personalized learning experience tailored to each child’s pace. Developed
using tools like Unity 3D for game and AR interaction, Vuforia or ARKit/ARCore
for AR integration, and programming languages like C# for functionality, the
app combines innovative technology with education. Additional technologies,
such as Figma for designing a child-friendly interface and Firebase for
backend data management, ensure a seamless and user-centric experience.
The ultimate goal is to transform early math education into a fun, interactive,
and effective learning journey.
Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Problem Definition and Methodology
• Objectives
• Proposed Methodology
• Conclusion
• References
Domain Introduction
• Augmented Reality is a technology that superimposes
digital content (like images, sounds, and information)
onto the real world in real-time.
• It blends virtual elements with the physical world,
enhancing the user’s perception.
• AR in daily life: Snapchat filters, games like Pokémon
Go.
• Interactive lessons where students see virtual objects
(like shapes or numbers) appear in their real
environment when viewed through a device screen.
• Include a simple diagram or image showing how AR
blends digital and real-world elements (e.g., a real-world
object like a book with virtual elements overlaid on it).
AR in Mathematics for Kids -
Enhancing Learning
• This project involves using Augmented Reality (AR) technology to
create an engaging and interactive learning experience for children
studying mathematics. The goal is to enhance the learning process by
merging the real world with virtual elements that make abstract
mathematical concepts more tangible and fun for young learners. By
using AR, children can visualize and interact with 3D objects or
animations that represent mathematical concepts like shapes,
numbers, fractions, geometry, and arithmetic operations in a more
intuitive way.
• AR can bring mathematical concepts to life by integrating visual aids,
interactive elements, and dynamic simulations of mathematical ideas.
• Children can interact with virtual objects like numbers, shapes, and
equations in their real environment, making math tangible and less
abstract.
• Visualizing Math Concepts
How AR works:
• Augmented Reality works by overlaying digital content
(like images, sounds, or other data) onto the real world,
typically through a camera-equipped device such as a
smartphone, tablet,
 • Software: Using AR development tools like Unity or
ARKit, the system can overlay digital content onto the
real world through the device’s camera. The system
recognizes markers or objects in the physical
environment and replaces or enhances them with
virtual math-related elements.
• In essence, AR enhances the physical world by adding
layers of digital information, making interactions more
immersive and intuitive.

Fig 2: How AR
works in
software
Key Advantages of Augmented
Reality in Education

Increased
Engagement:

Personalized
Learning:

Better Retention

Creativity and
Critical Thinking:
Literature Review
[1]. AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION
• AR integrates digital elements into real-world
environments to enhance learning experiences
• The literature review by Daniela Roxana VUȚĂ highlights
several tools and platforms used in Augmented
Reality (AR) for education
• AR is increasingly adopted in education due to its ability
to create interactive, immersive learning environments.
• Where AR is used :Includes simulations, virtual labs,
gamified learning, and augmented study materials,
providing hands-on experiences for complex concepts.
• Google ARCore and Apple ARkit:These are software
development kits (SDKs) for creating AR experiences on
Android and iOS devices, respectively. They have allowed
developers to create mobile AR applications that engage
students with interactive content, such as virtual objects for
learning and educational games.
• Layar:An AR platform that enables the creation of AR content
by overlaying multimedia, such as videos and images, on real-
world objects. It has been used in education to create
interactive textbooks and guides, providing a richer learning
experience.
• MERGE Cube:An interactive cube that, when used with a
mobile device, creates 3D holograms of subjects like the solar
system, human anatomy, and more. It allows students to
interact with educational content in a tangible way, enhancing
understanding through hands-on exploration.
[2].Application of the ubiquitous
game with augmented reality in
Primary Education
• Ubiquitous games are interactive, location-based games that
can be accessed at any time or place, integrating real-world
elements with virtual experiences. Augmented Reality (AR)
enhances this experience by blending digital content with the
physical world in real-time, making it highly engaging for young
learners.
• Relevance to Primary Education: The combination of AR and
ubiquitous games in primary education offers opportunities for
hands-on, experiential learning, where students interact with the
learning material through gamified experiences. This approach
makes learning both immersive and fun, facilitating the
understanding of abstract concepts through active participation.
• Research by Zhang et al. (2021) found that AR-based games in
primary schools significantly increased student motivation and
engagement. The interactive nature of AR games keeps students
focused and excited about learning, fostering a deeper connection
with the educational content.
• Ibáñez and Di Serio (2016) highlight that using ubiquitous games
with AR in subjects like mathematics and science helps to reinforce
learning by providing students with immediate feedback in a fun
and dynamic environment. Martin-Gutierrez et al. (2017) explored
the use of AR in the classroom and concluded that it improves
spatial awareness, problem-solving skills, and collaborative
learning. The use of ubiquitous AR games encourages teamwork
and peer learning.
• Lee et al. (2018) emphasized that AR in games enhances students'
understanding of complex subjects such as geometry and physics
by presenting them in a more tangible and intuitive way
[3]. A Systematic Literature review
on AR in Mathematics education
• In mathematics education, AR has a big potential and opportunities
for students to learn and interact with three-dimensional models in
the real world.
• AR has provided students to learn individually and allowed students
to manage their own learning process. Students were in an active
learning process with tasks and choosing their own way to examine
the virtual objects.
Challenges
• Some of the technical problems are hardware requirements to
support AR, device memory and CPU usage of AR applications, lack
of quality internet connection, prolonged use of the application slows
down and warms up the device, tracking time varies according to the
Internet connection quality
AR tools/technologies used
• Unity
• GeoGebra AR
• AR sandbox
• HP reveal app & iPads
• AR-based STEM content, smartphones, & tablet
• AR prototype developed for dyscalculia learners
• AR & simulations
• Geometry AR app & tablets
• AURASMA app
• AR mobile math trails app
[4].Enhancing Math Learning with
Augmented Reality
• Math learning attaches importance on a logical structure of
gradual and orderly process, the training of traditional Math
teaching and deductive Logic
• Researches indicate that the more confident Math students
are, the better their Math performance will be.
• Making students curious about Math and happy to learn can
lay a good foundation of their Math, and lead to a good
result in science or ideological development in the future.
• 3D is an innovative digital application that presents objects
in a visual scene after being three dimensional, allowing
users to actually observe and operate them
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE MATH
TEACHING MATERIALS
• The teaching materials for the "Pillar" and "Volume"
units in elementary math were designed.
• Such an interactive AR Math App was developed with
the Unity 3D IDE and Vuforia SDK
• Unity 3D has a handy module on digital scenes, 3D
objects and logic procedure of programming design,
which makes it ideal for creating AR or VR applications.
• The software interface has designed interactive
operation instructions, which allow students to learn
Math by hands, and can increase their studying interest.
 Overview of Existing AR tools in
education
1.GeoGebra AR
• GeoGebra AR allows students and educators to visualize 3D mathematical objects and
graphs in augmented reality, making abstract math concepts tangible and easier to
understand.
2.Mathland AR
• Mathland AR is an interactive app that gamifies math learning through augmented
reality, encouraging students to solve puzzles and challenges in a virtual environment.
3.Merge cube
• The Merge Cube is a handheld AR device that works with apps to project 3D objects
you can interact with, making it ideal for learning geometry, anatomy, and science
concepts in an immersive way.
4.AR Math
• AR Math uses augmented reality to superimpose math problems and interactive
activities in the real world, offering an engaging way to practice arithmetic, geometry,
and algebra.
Tools name Features Target Platform Purpose
comparison
1.GeoGebra 3D graphing,
table of
audienceexisting AR
Students(high iOS , androi Real-time, interactive
tools for
AR
geometry,
kids
interactive school and
college)
d graphing and
exploration.
geometry

algebra, calculus
features.

2.Mathland Math puzzles, Elementary iOS , androi Fun, interactive AR

AR arithmetic school d experience, blending math
challenges, and students learning with adventure
interactive story- games.
based learning.

3.Merge Hands-on 3D Kids and iOS , androi Unique 3D cube that allows
cube interactive math preschool d tactile interaction with
objects and students virtual math objects.
games, offers
problem-solving
tasks.

4.AR Math AR-based problem- Elementary to ios ,android Simple math visualizations
solving, real-time middle school using 3D AR objects for
interaction with basic arithmetic learning.
Problems Addressed by existing
apps:
1.AR Math
• Problems Addressed:
• Traditional methods for teaching math may not cater to visual or
kinesthetic learners.
• Abstract math concepts, especially for early learners, can be difficult
to grasp without concrete visual aids.
• Benefits:
• Enhanced Visual Learning: Makes learning math fun and interactive
by blending mathematical concepts with real-world environments.
• Instant Feedback: Provides instant feedback on math problems,
which helps reinforce correct understanding and learning.
• Customization: The app allows for personalization to suit different
learning styles and paces.
 Limitations:
• Device Dependency: Requires a device with sufficient AR
capabilities, limiting its use on older or less powerful devices.
• Limited Curriculum Scope: While it works well for elementary
math, it might not be suitable for more advanced mathematical
concepts.
• Potential for Distraction: While the interactive features can
engage students, they might sometimes distract from the core
learning objectives if not used properly
2. MathLand AR:
• Problems Addressed:
• Lack of immersive, engaging math education tools for children.
• Difficulties in building interest and understanding basic math
concepts.
• Benefits:
• Engagement: Fun and interactive AR experiences that engage
young learners in a gamified way.
• Hands-On Learning: Teaches core math concepts such as
counting, addition, and subtraction through real-world interaction.
• Educational Games: Focuses on problem-solving and interactive
tasks which help children retain mathematical knowledge.
Limitations
• Limited Scope for Advanced Learners: Mostly targeted
at elementary-level math, so it may not be suitable for
higher-level math education.
• Requires Specific Devices: Some advanced features
might not be supported on all mobile devices.
• Dependency on AR Hardware: The quality of the
experience depends on the quality of the device's
camera and AR capabilities.
3.GeoGebra AR
• Problems Addressed:
• Difficulty visualizing complex mathematical concepts like
geometry, algebra, and calculus.
• Lack of interactive learning tools for abstract math problems.
• Benefits:
• Interactive Learning: Visualizes mathematical objects (graphs,
3D shapes) in real-world environments.
• Flexible Tool: Supports geometry, algebra, and calculus,
helping in understanding complex concepts.
• Accessibility: Free to use with a user-friendly interface,
appealing to both students and teachers
Limitations
• Requires Smartphone or Tablet: The AR features are
optimized for devices with good cameras and
processing power.
• Limited Advanced Features in AR: While GeoGebra is
great for interactive learning, its AR functions are not as
sophisticated compared to specialized AR-only apps.
• May Overwhelm Beginners: The vast array of features
might be overwhelming for younger or new learners.
4. Merge Cube
• Problems Addressed:
• Difficulty understanding 3D geometry and spatial reasoning for
math problems.
• Limited access to hands-on, interactive experiences for math
students.
• Benefits:
• 3D Visualization: Helps in understanding geometry and math
through 3D objects that students can hold and manipulate.
• Interactive Learning: AR experience allows students to explore math
concepts in an immersive, hands-on environment.
• Comprehensive Learning Tool: Can be used for teaching various
math topics, from simple shapes to complex 3D calculations.
Limitations:
• Requires Physical Merge Cube: Students need the
physical Merge Cube to interact with the app, which
might not be available to all.
• Focus on 3D Geometry: While great for geometry, it has
limited applications for other areas of mathematics.
• Learning Curve for Younger Kids: Some students may
find it challenging to fully engage with the technology,
especially younger learners.
 Problem Definition:
• Young children often struggle with understanding abstract mathematical
concepts, which can lead to a lack of interest and confidence in
mathematics from an early age. Traditional teaching methods may fail to
engage preschool and elementary school students effectively, as they lack
interactive and visual elements to make learning enjoyable and relatable.
This can hinder the development of foundational math skills crucial for
academic success.
• To address this issue, there is a need for an innovative solution that
bridges the gap between abstract math concepts and real-world
understanding, offering an engaging, interactive, and personalized
learning experience. By leveraging Augmented Reality (AR) technology,
we aim to create a math learning app that provides 3D visualizations of
mathematical concepts such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
geometry. This app will integrate virtual objects and activities to make
math tangible, enjoyable, and accessible for young learners, fostering
motivation, curiosity, and confidence in the subject.
Motivation:
• Augmented Reality (AR) for Immersive Learning: AR brings math concepts to life by
overlaying interactive 3D objects and animations over the real world, allowing children
to visualize and interact with abstract ideas.
• Increased Engagement Through Gamification: AR integrates playful, game-like elements,
making math fun and motivating children to engage continuously with the content.
• Interactive and Hands-On Learning: Using AR, kids can manipulate objects in a virtual
environment to solve problems, enhancing their understanding of math concepts in a
tangible way.
• Personalized Learning Experience: The app can adapt to a child’s learning pace and offer
tailored exercises, providing a more effective learning journey.
• Improved Retention: By connecting math concepts to real-world scenarios through AR,
children can better retain what they learn by seeing the practical applications of
mathematics.
• Accessible Anytime, Anywhere: With a mobile app, children can learn math in various
settings, at home or on the go, making learning flexible and more convenient.
• Boosts Confidence: As kids progress through interactive challenges and succeed in
mastering concepts, their confidence in math grows, encouraging them to tackle more
difficult topics.
Objectives
• Interactive Learning: Provide an engaging platform where kids
can interact with math concepts in a 3D augmented reality
environment.
• Visualization of Concepts: Help kids visualize complex math
topics like geometry, fractions, and graphs using AR models.
• Hands-On Exploration: Allow kids to manipulate AR objects, such
as rotating shapes or solving puzzles, for experiential learning.
• Real-World Applications: Demonstrate how math is used in daily
life through AR simulations, like shopping, building, or navigation.
• Encourage Curiosity: Cultivate a lifelong interest in math by
making it enjoyable and exploratory.
• Inclusivity: Make math accessible to kids with diverse learning
styles and needs through engaging AR content
Proposed Methodology
• The development of the Mathematics AR App for Kids will
follow a structured methodology to ensure a user-centric and
technologically robust solution. The proposed methodology is
divided into the following phases:
• 1. Requirement Analysis
• Identify the target audience (preschool and elementary school
children) and their learning needs.
• Conduct research on common difficulties faced by children in
understanding mathematical concepts.
• Define the scope of the app, focusing on core concepts like
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and geometry.
• Gather feedback from educators and parents to tailor features
for effective learning.
• 2. Design and Planning
• Concept Design: Develop storyboards and wireframes to visualize the user
journey and app layout.
• UI/UX Design: Use tools like Figma to design an intuitive, child-friendly
interface with engaging visuals and easy navigation.
• AR Interaction Design: Plan the integration of 3D models and interactive
elements for real-time learning experiences.
• 3. Development Phase
• AR Integration: Utilize AR frameworks such as ARKit (iOS) or ARCore
(Android) to build augmented reality features.
• 3D Modeling: Create 3D models of mathematical objects (e.g., numbers,
geometric shapes) using tools like Blender or Maya.
• Game Development Engine: Use Unity 3D as the primary engine for app
development, incorporating C# for scripting interactions and logic.
• Backend Development: Implement Firebase for user data storage,
progress tracking, and real-time updates.
4. Testing and Iteration
• Perform functional and usability testing to ensure seamless AR
experiences and intuitive interactions.
• Collect feedback from a sample group of children, educators, and
parents.
• Refine features based on test results to enhance usability,
engagement, and educational effectiveness.
5. Deployment and Maintenance
• Deploy the app on major platforms like the Google Play Store and
Apple App Store.
• Monitor performance and user feedback post-launch to address
issues and introduce updates.
• Tools and Technologies
• AR Development: ARKit (iOS), ARCore (Android), Vuforia
(cross-platform).
• 3D Modeling: Blender or Maya.
• Development Engine: Unity 3D with C# scripting.
• UI/UX Design: Figma for interface design.
• Backend: Firebase for data management and user
progress tracking.
• Testing: Manual and automated tools for functional and
usability testing.
FIG:SOFTWARE SKILLS FOR AUGMENTED REALITY FOR
Conclusion:
• The proposed math app for kids integrates augmented reality (AR) to
create an immersive, interactive learning experience that makes
foundational math concepts both enjoyable and easy to understand.
By overlaying abstract ideas onto the physical world, the app helps
young learners connect theoretical math topics like arithmetic,
geometry, and patterns with real-world contexts. It tailors the
learning journey with adjustable difficulty levels, ensuring each child
progresses at their own pace. The app prioritizes beginner-level
learners, using hands-on activities to not only build essential skills
but also encourage a deeper conceptual understanding. Ultimately,
this innovative approach aims to enhance student engagement,
boost confidence, and instill a lifelong love for learning, laying the
groundwork for academic success in math and beyond.
 Project outcomes:
• The primary outcome of the "Mathematics App for Kids Using AR" project is
the development of an interactive learning tool that effectively blends
augmented reality (AR) with mathematical education for children. This app
aims to make learning math concepts more engaging and intuitive through
visualizations, 3D models, and real-time interaction. By providing an
immersive learning experience, the app helps children better understand
abstract concepts such as geometry, fractions, and arithmetic, making
math more accessible and fun. The app encourages critical thinking,
problem-solving, and hands-on learning, resulting in improved retention
and understanding of mathematical principles. Furthermore, the project
allows for personalized learning experiences, as children can progress at
their own pace and receive instant feedback during problem-solving. The
overall impact of this app is to enhance children's mathematical abilities
while fostering a positive attitude towards learning, motivating them to
explore and develop a deeper understanding of math in an interactive and
enjoyable way.
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