REQUIREMENTS:
(1)COMPLETE NOTEBOOK TO BE
CHECKED AT THE END OF THE
SEMESTER
(2)FULL COOPERATION DURING
CLASS DISCUSSION (1/8
INDEX CARD)
(3)ACTIVITIES SHOULD BE
SUBMIT TED ON TIME.
Friendly Reminder
Sirach 22:2
“A lazy person is compared
to a dirty stone or a dung”
“Ti Sadot nga
Tao Ket TAKKI”
Introduction
to the
Philosophy
of the
HUMAN
Objectives
• Discuss philosophy and its importance as a
discipline and as a means for understanding
life;
• Distinguish a holistic perspective from a
partial point of view
• Recognize human activities that emanated
from deliberate reflection
• Recognize reflection as an important aspect
of Philosophy
What is this?
What does this do?
Why are trees tall?
Why is the sky so far
away?
Why do I need to study?
What do I need to get better
grades?
Why can’t I have more friends?
What should I do to achieve my
goals in life?
Why did I fail?
“deep” questions
What is love?
Is love worth giving up everything?
Where can we find true happiness?
Does the end justify the means?
Why do good people suffer?
Why is there injustice in this world?
What can we do to make the world a
better place?
Why do I have to be a good person?
Essence of Philosophy:
“the search for
answers to life’s
questions. “
What is
PHILOSOPHY
?
Greek words:
philos (love) and sophia
(wisdom) “love of wisdom”
- applied it to the study or
discipline that uses human
reason to investigate the ultimate
causes, reasons, and principles
which govern all things.
People who engage in
philosophy are called
Philosophers or
“lovers of wisdom”
MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY
Scientific Approach
-Investigation is systematic
(certain procedures)
-it is an organized body of
knowledge just like any other
sciences
MEANING OF PHILOSOPHY
Natural Light of Reason
-It uses a philosopher’s
natural capacity to think
or human reason or the
so-called unaided reason.
Study of All Things
It makes philosophy distinct from
other sciences because it is not
one dimensional or partial.
A philosopher does not limit
himself to a particular object of
inquiry.
Philosophy is multidimensional or
FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE
Principle of Identity – whatever is; whatever is not
is not. Everything is its own being, and not being
is not being.
Principle of Non-Contradiction – it is impossible for
a thing to be and not to be at the same time.
Principle of Excluded Middle – a thing is either is or
is not; between being and not-being, there is no
middle ground possible.
Principle of Sufficient Reason – nothing exists
• What is/are your
questions in Life?
Why is there a
need a to
philosophize?
Greek Philosopher Plato
-Sense of wonder
French Philosopher Rene
Descartes
-Doubt
Swiss- German Karl Jaspers
- Experience (limit situations)
Socrates
-Love of wisdom
“I know that I do not know”
“ The unexamined life is not
worth living”
How do we
characterize the
study of Philosophy?
a way of analyzing frameworks
- (Framework) way of thinking about the
world and composed of the views and
beliefs of a person
- (internal questions) deals our own
correctness and values
- (external questions) seeks to question
the very frameworks upon which people
base their own beliefs and views
an examination of
a particular area
of knowledge
a distinct area of
knowledge with its
own various goals,
concerns, and ways of
doing things
Aesthetics
(philosophy that deals with beauty and what
makes things “beautiful”)
Epistemology
(discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing)
Ethics
(deals with moral questions and dilemmas)
Political Philosophy
(studies governments and deals with questions of
justice, power and the rights and obligations of
citizens)
Metaphysics
(deals with questions regarding
reality and existence)
Philosophy of the Human
Person
(an area of philosophy that
understands the human person
from a philosophical perspective
Two important facts about
philosophizing
1. Philosophy is a reflective and
meditative activity
- No designated subject matter of its
own
2. A method of mental exercise
* Philosophy does not limit itself to its
own field
What is the difference
between holistic
thinking and partial
thinking?
Holistic thinking refers to a
perspective that considers large-
scale patterns in systems.
-looking at the “BIG PICTURE”
when describing and analyzing a
situation or a problem.
-individuals (open mindset)
Partial Thinking focuses on
specific aspects of a
sitiuation.
-an important component of
analytical thinking, as an
individual focuses on certain
areas or aspects of a
How does one engage
in reflection
Reflection
-requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts,
feelings, and actions and to learn more about one’s life
and experiences.
*Reflection is vital in ensuring that our actions and
decisions are well thought out and are done with due
regard for their implications and consequences on
ourselves, others, and our surroundings.
*Reflection helps us to understand ourselves and our
actions better. When we reflectn we can judge whether
our actions are reasonable or not. taking time to analyze
WHAT ARE THE PRACTICAL USES
OF PHILOSOPHY IN OUR LIVES?
Philosophy enables a person
to engage in critical analysis
and interpretation of
concepts, definitions,
arguments, and problems.
Philosophy also
improves problem-
solving and decision
making.
A philosopher is a
good communicator
who can clearly and
adequately present his
or her ideas.
WISDOM
-is one of intented product of
philosophizing, and this refers
to person’s ability to apply
knowledge to daily life
particularly in making sound
choices and judgement.
Finally, knowldge of
Philosophy can
contribute to self-
development.
“Trust yourself.
You know more
than you think
you do.”
ACTIVITY
Search for any news
headlines. What “simple”,
“serious”, and “deep”
questions come to mind
when you read them?
PAIR SHARING
Discuss:
1. Cite a situation where you adopt a holistic view in looking at a
problem or situation. How did adopting a holistic view help you
make sense of the situation?
2. How can having a holistic view help us become a better
persons/individual?
3. How can Philosophy help you succeed as a student?
4. How can philosophy help you become a productive
individual and citizen?
*answer it in a whole sheet of paper
