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UNIT - 3 - Oscillators

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10 views

UNIT - 3 - Oscillators

Uploaded by

frogpig0714
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Oscillators

• An oscillator is an amplifier, which uses a


positive feedback and without any external
input signal, generates an output waveform at
a desired frequency.

1
Classification of oscillators

2
Concept of positive feedback

3
Concept of positive feedback
• Consider a non inverting amplifier with voltage gain A as
shown in the Fig.
• A sinusoidal input Vs is applied to non inverting amplifier.
• Due to non inverting nature, Vs and Vo are in phase.
• The part of output is fed back through feedback network
which does not introduce any phase shift. But the
amplitude of feedback signal is decided by the feedback
factor such that Vf = βVo.
• Thus the input and feedback voltage i.e. Vs and Vf are in
phase hence it is called positive feedback.

4
Barkhausen criterion
• The circuit will oscillate when two conditions,
called Barkhausen's criteria are met.
• These two conditions are: The loop gain must
be unity or greater. The feedback signal
feeding back at the input must be phase-
shifted by 360° (which is the same as zero
degrees).

5
RC Phase shift Oscillator
• It consists of an amplifier and feedback
network consisting of resistors and capacitors.
• An amplifier can be BJT, FET or operational
amplifier.

6
Analysis of RC Circuit

7
Analysis of RC Circuit

8
Analysis of RC Circuit

9
RC Feedback Network for Phase Shift

10
RC Feedback Network for Phase Shift
• In RC phase shift oscillator, amplifier introduces a
phase shift of 180°.
• Thus the feedback network must introduce a phase
shift of 180° to satisfy Barkhausen condition.
• The RC feedback network consists of three RC sections,
with each RC section contributing 60° phase shift.
• In all the three sections, resistance values and
capacitance values are same so that at a particular
frequency, each section produces precisely 60° phase
shift. This is operating frequency of oscillator.

11
RC Feedback Network for Phase Shift using
opamp

12
Analysis

13
Analysis

14
Analysis

15
Problem 1
• In an RC phase shift oscillator, if R1 =
R2 =R3 =200kΩ and C1 =C2 = C3 =100 pF. Find the
frequency of the oscillator.

16
Solution

17
Problem 2
• Design a square wave oscillator with f = 1kHz.
The opamp is a 741 with dc supply voltages
+15V and -15V.

18
Problem 3
• Design a triangular wave generator with
f=2kHz and Vo(pp)= 7V. The opamp is a 741
with dc supply voltages +15V and -15V.

19

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