1.

1 Photosynthesis
 Photosynthesis
 Photosynthesis is the way that plants make food.

 Plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make glucose

and oxygen.

 Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction.

Summarized equation:

Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + oxygen

CO +HO →CH O +O
 Energy Transfer
 The photosynthesis reaction needs a supply of energy to make it happen.
 This energy comes from light. During photosynthesis, the plant’s leaves absorb
the energy of light.
 The energy is stored in the glucose that is made. The glucose is a store of
chemical potential energy.
 Storing Carbohydrate
 Glucose is a sugar.
 Sugars belongs to a group of chemicals called carbohydrates.
 Plants usually make much more glucose than they need to use immediately.
 They store some of it to use later. But they do not store it as glucose.
 Glucose is soluble in water, which makes it difficult to store inside a cell.
 Instead, the plant changes some of the glucose into a different kind of
carbohydrate – starch.
 A starch molecule is made of thousands of glucose molecules linked together in a
long chain.
 Starch molecules are too big to dissolve in water. They stay as insoluble grains,
inside the chloroplasts in the plant cell.
Starch Test
https://youtu.be/Y5dRycQMHk0?si=ZF6qgfic_X4rU_fD

https://youtu.be/_rCjKTgAxgE?si=Wm2vIw0csOG-CIai
 Summary

 Photosynthesis is the production of glucose and oxygen ,by

reacting water and carbon dioxide, using energy from light.
 Plants often change some of the glucose into starch, for
storage.
 Before testing a leaf for starch, you need to boil it to break
down the cell membranes.
1.Think back to (remember) what you have already learnt about photosynthesis.
a. Where do plants get carbon dioxide from?
 From the air

b. Where do plants get water from?

 From the soil

2. Explain why photosynthesis only takes place inside chloroplasts.

 Photosynthesis needs energy from light to make the carbon dioxide and water
react together.
Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll is only found inside chloroplasts.
A1.Explain why the leaf needed to be boiled before testing with iodine
solution.

Boiling breaks down the cell membrane, which allows the iodine solution
to get into the cell and make contact with the starch stored inside it.

A2. Suggest why it was useful to remove the green colour from the leaf,
before testing it with iodine solution.

This make it easier to see the colour that it produced when iodine
solution is added to the leaf .
A3. Describe two things that you did in step 2 to reduce the risk of anyone
being hurt.
Turned out the flame before using ethanol, because ethanol easily catches
light and could burn someone.
 Used forceps to take the leaf out of the hot water, to stop fingers being
scalded.

4.Explain why leaves often contain starch.

Leaves change surplus glucose into starch, to store it.

Starch is better storage substance than glucose because it does not dissolve
in water.
1) Which one of the following is true?
A) Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
B) Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
C) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
D) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
E) Neither cellular respiration nor photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.

2. The summary equation for photosynthesis is

A) CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 + ATP + Heat
B) C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP + Heat
C) CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
D) C6H12O6  CO2 + Ethyl alcohol + ATP + Heat

3.The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from
a) chlorophyll.
b) carbon dioxide.
c) water.
d None of the choices are correct.
4.Why are (most) plants green?
A) Chlorophyll a reflects green light.
B) Chlorophyll b primarily uses green light as the source of energy for photosynthesis.
C) Green helps plants blend into their environment as a sort of camouflage.
D) Chlorophyll a absorbs green light.
E) All photosynthetic pigments are colored green.
5.Plant cells
A) lack mitochondria and chloroplasts.
B) have mitochondria and chloroplasts.
C) have mitochondria but do not have chloroplasts.
D) lack mitochondria but have chloroplasts.
6. During photosynthesis, how does carbon dioxide get into the plant?
a.Through stomata on the stem and leaves.
b. Underground through the roots.
c. Through stomata located on the flower.
d. Through the edges of the leaves.
7. In which one of the following plants does photosynthesis NOT take place?

a b c d

8.Photosynthesis is the process whereby

a. plants convert sunlight into energy.
b. food and minerals travel in a plant.
c. plants make their own food using energy from the sun.
d. plants grow towards the sunlight.
9. During an experiment to test a green leaf for starch, iodine solution is placed on the leaf with a
dropper. If starch is present in the leaf, what colour change takes place?
a. The leaf turns red.
b. The leaf turns blue/black.
c. The leaf turns brown.
d. There is no change in colour.

10. Tests are done on four leaves similar to those shown. Which leaf will give a negative result?
(no starch found)?
a. Y b. W c. X d. Z
11.Photosynthesis takes place in
a. animals only
b.plants and animals
c. all plants
d. most plants
12.Select two correct responses from the following:
a.Chlorophyll is produced during photosynthesis.
b. Photosynthesis reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
c. Photosynthesis is important because without it we would not exist.
d. We get a tan from photosynthesis.
13. A group of pupils investigated the way in which the colour of light affects photosynthesis.
The pupils:
put a piece of pondweed into a test tube of water
shone light from a lamp with a red light bulb onto the pondweed
counted the bubbles of gas produced by the pondweed every minute for three minutes.
The pupils repeated their experiment using a blue light bulb, a green light bulb and a yellow
light bulb.
What was the independent variable in the investigation?photosyn01.png
a. The number of bubbles produced every minute.
b. The distance from the bulb to the pondweed.
c. The temperature of the water.
d. The colour of the light bulbs.
14. During an experiment to test a green leaf for starch, at one stage the leaf is
soaked in warm alcohol for about 10 minutes.
What is the purpose of this?test_starch02.png
a. This test only works when alcohol is present.
b. To kill any bacteria on the leaf.
c. To remove chlorophyll from the leaf.
d. To kill the cells in the leaf.
15. In an experiment to test a green leaf for starch, the leaf is initially
placed in boiling water. What is the purpose of this?boil_leaf.jpg
a. To kill any bacteria on the surface of the leaf.
b. To remove chlorophyll from the leaf.
c. This test only works at a high temperature.
d. To kill the cells in the leaf.

16.Where in the plant does photosynthesis take place?

a. In the chloroplasts.
b. In the vacuoles.
c. In the nucleus.
d. In cells of the roots.
17. Which one of the following statements concerning a green plant left
outdoors is true?
a. It photosynthesises by night and respires by day.
b. It photosynthesises by night.
c. It photosynthesises by day.
d. It respires by night only.

18. The products of photosynthesis are

a. glucose and oxygen
b. energy and glucose
c. glucose and carbon dioxide
d. energy and oxygen
19. Plants can make food by photosynthesis. Another name for this food is
a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Sucrose d. Lactose

20. The green coloured pigment that is necessary for photosynthesis to

take place is called
a. Chloroplast b. Phloem c. Chlorophyll d. Cytoplasm
21. In the experiment shown, bubbles of gas are seen to be formed when
pondweed photosynthesises.
How may the rate of photosynthesis be increased?
a. By cooling the water.
b. By increasing the amount of light.
c. By adding more water.
d. By adding acid to the water.
22. Farmers do not put their cows out in the field during winter because
there is less grass growth.
Why does grass not grow in the winter?
a. There is too much rain in the winter.
b. There is less sunshine in the winter.
c. The temperature is too low in the winter.
d. The ground is too soft in the winter.
23 The word equation describing photosynthesis is:

In this equation, what are X and Y?

a. X = heat, Y = chlorophyll b. X = light, Y = lime-water
c. X = light, Y = heat d. X = light, Y = chlorophyll

24. Which one of the following word equations best describes the process of photosynthesis?

d
Fill in the blanks:
(1) In photosynthesis, solar energy is captured by the pigment called __. Chlorophyll
(2) All green plants are ………………..autotrophs.
(3) All non-green plants and animals are……………… heterotrophs.
(4) Heterotrophs depend on ……………….autotrophs and other…………… heterotrophs for
food.
(5) Green plants use ……………….carbon dioxide and…………………….. water to make food.
(6) Iodine turns blue-black on reacting with ………………starch.
ANSWER
1.Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. True
2. The colour of chlorophyll is black. False
3. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts. True
4. Oxygen is a reactant of photosynthesis. False
5. Plants respire during the day as well as at night. True
6. Plants photosynthesise during the night. False
7. Cells near the top of leaves are called green cells. False
8. Xylem carries fats. False
9. Stomata allow oxygen to diffuse into the leaves. False
10. Photosynthesis takes place inside mitochondria. False